Rice white spikes are caused by pests and diseases (ears, neck mites, mites, etc.) and mechanical damage during the heading process or during the heading period. The rice ear development is terminated and the water and nutrients cannot be continuously transported in the stalk tissue. To the ear, the color of the husk produced by the loss of water is white.
This article will analyze in detail the various causes, symptoms and solutions of rice white ear formation.
1 White spikes caused by pests
The white spikes caused by rice aphids and rice planthoppers were whitened by whole ears; the stems and stems became dry after rice blast, which was easy to pull up; the rice stalk was only harmful to some spikelets, and the rice was twisted after the booting stage. Short white spikes, incomplete tassels or white spikes.
White spikes caused by rice aphids: Rice aphids mainly include stem borer, stem borer, and giant salamander. During the booting stage or the heading and flowering stage of rice, the stems are stalked or stalked by the rice stalks during the stem or internodes, causing the dead plants before heading and causing white spikes after heading.
Chilo suppressalis: The booting stage is caused by the dead ear, and the heading stage is the result of white ear, and the milky stage to the mature stage causes the insect injury.
Sanhua cockroaches: more from the gaps of the leafhoppers or bite holes, first feeding in the stalks, and then gradually grazing, biting the stalks while biting through the rice knot, causing white spikes. Anthills hatched from an egg mass can cause 30 to 50 white spikes to form white ear clusters, so they are often distributed in the field.
Otsuka: First clustering in the leaf sheath is harmful, and later the plant is dispersed into the stem to cause white ear.
Control measures: Chilo suppressalis and Sanhuan are the main pests of rice, and the cockroaches are light, and generally do not use drugs alone.
(1) Prevention and treatment period of Chilo suppressalis: When the arsenal rate is more than 1% or the rate of the sheath is 5%, it is necessary to control the drug. From the peak of egg hatching to the first instar larvae, the larvae just hatch. Clustered; commonly used agents: chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, insecticide and so on.
(2) Prevention and control period of Sanhua cockroach: In the tillering stage, the medicine is used to control the heart in the initial stage of egg hatching, and the white ear is controlled once in the period of egg hatching in the period of 5% to 10% of the slashing ear and 10% of the earing. Common agents: chlorantraniliprole, chlorantranil, thiamethoxam, avid chlorpyrifos, insecticidal double.
Rice planthopper: It is mainly divided into brown planthopper, white-backed planthopper and gray planthopper. In the booting stage and heading stage, the rice is damaged, and the lower part of the rice stem becomes dark and stinky, often causing the stalk to fall; at the end of the milk, the damage is first, the leaf color is grayish green, the plant is inclined, and when the insect worm is particularly large, it is concentrated in the soft base of the neck. Feeding nearby, the whole plant will die after the ash, often resulting in dead ears, half-ears and white ears. White ears have no wormholes and no worms. There are often obvious central damage groups in the field.
Prevention:
(1) Prevention period: that is, every 10 clusters of insects (50 in the middle of the rice growth) to 80 (in the middle and late stages of rice growth) began to control the drug.
(2) Control agents: imidacloprid and thiamethoxam for seed treatment and transplanting with drugs; spray pyrethrin, nitenpyram, pymetrozine, dinotefuran.
Rice straw larvae: It is the main pest in rice production, and the second generation larvae damage white rice ears and cause white ear. The larvae of the larvae are drilled into the stems of rice to harm the heart leaves, growth points and young ears, and the damaged young ears become deformed or form white spikes.
Control measures: The control of rice straw larvae can be controlled by mixing insecticide and Kangkuan.
2 diseased white spikes
Panicle neck: occurs in the neck of the ear from the main ear stem to the branch of the first branch. The brown spot is formed at the beginning, and the neck of the ear is browned. The young neck and cob are infected by the pathogen. The tissue is damaged, nutrients and water cannot be transported, causing some or all of the white spikes.
Prevention:
(1) Prevention period: Focus on protection during heading stage, especially at the booting stage (5-7 days before the break) and the heading stage.
(2) Chemical agents: Ai Miao, Dao Ling, Fuji No. 1, Chun Leimycin, etc.
Sheath blight: After the occurrence of rice sheath blight, the rice basal disease occurs. If it encounters rainy days, it will spread upwards quickly, causing all the leaves, ears and grains of rice to develop, such as spreading to the ear, and finally causing the rice to be not full. Severely caused white spikes.
Prevention:
(1) Prevention period: The key period is when the rate of disease in the late stage of rice tillering and at the end of the stage reaches 20%.
(2) Chemical agents: thiazolamide, benzoylpropanazole, epoxiconazole, imipenem fluorocyclazole, enelt tebuconazole, jinggangmycin A, Ai Miao, etc.
Mole disease: Because the rice seeds are not completely disinfected, the diseased seedlings are infested, and the diseased plants are headed in advance, the ears are short, the grains are not real, and white ears are easily caused.
Control measures: Prochloraz and methicillin can be used.
Note: In the process of spraying pests and diseases in the rice reproductive period, it is necessary to strictly follow the regulations and safely use drugs to avoid phytotoxicity.
3 White ears caused by climate
Low temperature: in the jointing and booting stage, the continuous low temperature of 5-6 days, when the lowest temperature is below 15 °C, it is easy to form white spikes. In particular, during the heading and flowering period, it encounters low temperature in the stage and produces obstacle cold damage. If the daily average minimum temperature is lower than 18 °C and the daily maximum temperature is lower than 21 °C, the flowering is reduced, the pollination is blocked, and a large number of white ears are formed.
High temperature: The optimum temperature for rice during the period from booting to heading is 25 to 30 °C, and 10 days before and after heading is particularly sensitive to temperature. When the average temperature reaches 30 °C or above, the adverse effect will occur.
If the temperature is above 35 °C during the booting stage, it will cause flower dysplasia, pollen dysplasia, and decreased vitality. If the temperature is above 35 °C during the heading and flowering period, it will affect the elongation of the pollen tube, resulting in the inability to fertilize and form the empty granule. "Flower is not real", the rice heading at a constant temperature of 38 °C is not strong, high temperature can directly kill pollen; practice shows that in the flowering stage of rice, high temperature above 35 °C for 1 hour, it will cause serious spikelets Infertility, where the flowers that are being opened are the most affected.
Drought: When the heading flowering period is severely drought-deficient and the relative humidity is below 50%, it may also lead to the formation of white ear.
Control measures: Do the appropriate water management measures.
Coping with low temperature: Before the cold dew winds, it is necessary to fill deep water for heat preservation. The water is drained in the morning of the next day, and the higher temperature river water is re-infused in the evening to achieve the effect of heat preservation.
Responding to high temperatures: sufficient water is needed at the booting stage, and the rice fields should be kept at 2 to 3 inches of water to ensure that the grains are large and large, and the high temperature and heat damage should be dealt with.
During the period of grouting to milk ripening, the method of dry, damp and wet, mainly wet, is to dry naturally after 1 day of shallow water and then water for one day; during the ripening of yellow, it will be dried after shallow water, and then water will be poured once after 3 days. At the end of the yellow ripening period, the main purpose of irrigation is “running horse waterâ€.
4 arsenic poisoning caused by white spikes
The original causes of rice arsenic poisoning are generally divided into the following two types:
The first type: years of growing dryland economic crops can lead to the accumulation of arsenic, and then re-planting rice can cause arsenic poisoning into white ears.
The second type: the use of pesticides containing Fumei arsenic (for organic arsenic pesticides, applied during the booting stage to the heading and flowering stage of rice, improper use of arsenic preparations is likely to cause rice pollen abortion, and ultimately lead to rice not strong or the seed setting rate is reduced) In the rice blast prevention and control of rice, the symptoms of phytotoxicity appear 3 to 5 days after the heading, and the granules on the tassel are white, resulting in white ear.
Control measures: use resistant varieties or change farming systems; use drugs strictly in accordance with the instructions for use of the drug.
More pesticide knowledge, please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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