***: China will promote climate change from 11 aspects. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Hua Chunyu and Liu Yu) The State Council Information Office released “China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)â€. *. *** said that around the goals and tasks related to climate change-related work, during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China will focus its efforts on 11 areas.
According to the contents of the ***, these 11 aspects include: strengthening the legal system and strategic planning, including organizing the preparation of the National Plan for Climate Change (2011-2020); accelerating economic restructuring; optimizing the energy structure and developing clean energy; Continue to implement key energy conservation projects; vigorously develop circular economy, including the preparation of a national overall plan for the development of circular economy; solidly promote low-carbon pilots; and gradually establish a carbon emissions trading market, including the gradual establishment of inter-provincial carbon emissions trading system; increase carbon sink; Improve the ability to adapt to climate change; continue to strengthen capacity building; conduct international cooperation in all directions.
*** also pointed out that in 2011, the Chinese government issued the "12th Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Work" and "The 12th Five-Year Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions" and other energy conservation measures during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. Efforts have been made to fully reduce emissions and control greenhouse gas emissions.
“China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)â€*** comprehensively describes China’s policies and actions to address climate change during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, positive results achieved, and response to climate change during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period. The overall deployment and related negotiation positions.
*** Divided into preface, climate change mitigation, adaptation to climate change, basic capacity building, participation of the whole society, participation in international negotiations, strengthening of international cooperation, objectives, tasks and policy actions during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China's participation in international negotiations on climate change The basic position, concluding remarks and other parts.
China's Capacity Building in Response to Climate Change Further Strengthened Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Wu Jingjing and Chen Rongrong) The “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd pointed out that “10 During the 1st Five-Year Plan period, China continued to improve its scientific and policy research on climate change, strengthened education and training on climate change, and further strengthened its capacity building.
*** said that China has continuously strengthened its ability to support scientific and technological research. Organize the preparation of the first and second National Climate Change Assessment Report. We carried out research on the relationship between climate change and environmental quality, coordinated control of greenhouse gases and pollutants, mechanisms of climate change and water circulation, and responses to climate change and forestry. Establish future climate change trend datasets and publish climate change forecast datasets in Asia.
In promoting climate-friendly technology research and development, China has carried out energy clean and high-efficiency utilization technologies, key industry industrial energy-saving technologies and equipment development, building energy-saving key technologies and material development in the national high-tech research and development plan ("863" program) and science and technology support plan. The development of key technologies and equipments for clean production in key industries, energy-saving technologies such as the development model of low-carbon economy industries and the integration of key technologies have resulted in a number of invention patents and major achievements with independent intellectual property rights.
China also strengthens research on climate change strategies and policies. Focusing on the major tasks of tackling climate change during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, we will study the long-term strategy for combating climate change, carry out China's low-carbon development strategy, the national overall climate change adaptation strategy, carbon emission trading mechanisms, and domestic and international research on relevant laws and regulations concerning climate change. Launched China's special scientific and technological action for addressing climate change, with a total investment of about 110 million yuan, to carry out major research on China's green development strategy and technical issues.
*** At the same time, it pointed out that China gradually incorporates the content of climate change into the national education system. Chinese and higher education institutions have strengthened education on the environment and climate change, successively established environmental and climate change related majors, strengthened the construction of climate change education and scientific research bases, and played an active role in training professionals in the field of climate change. Strengthen the training of leading cadres on climate change knowledge. By organizing collective learning, lectures, and reporting sessions, we can effectively raise the awareness of the climate change and scientific management of leading cadres at all levels.
China's contribution to promoting the establishment of a fair and reasonable international response to climate change Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Wu Jingjing, Zhu Shaobin) “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†published by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd * pointed out that the Chinese government attaches great importance to the issue of global climate change, takes a highly responsible attitude, actively and constructively participates in international negotiations on climate change, strengthens multi-level consultations and dialogues with countries in the field of climate change, and strives to promote all parties on climate change. The consensus on issues has made positive contributions to promoting the establishment of a fair and reasonable international response to climate change.
***said that China adheres to the "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" and the "Kyoto Protocol" dual-track negotiation mechanism, and adheres to the rules of party-led, open, transparent, extensive participation, and consensus, and actively plays the role of the UN in the framework of international negotiations on climate change. The role of the main channel, adhere to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", actively participate in constructive negotiations, strengthen communication with all parties, and promote consensus on all parties.
In 2007, China actively participated in the UN Conference on Climate Change in Bali, Indonesia, and made substantial contributions to the formation of the Bali Roadmap. In 2009, China actively participated in the negotiations at the Copenhagen conference and played a key role in breaking the deadlock in the negotiations and promoting the formation of consensus among all parties. In 2010, China fully participated in negotiations and negotiations in Cancun, Mexico, insisted on the openness, transparency, extensive participation, and consensus of the negotiation process, and put forward constructive proposals on various negotiation topics, and achieved practical results for Cancun, and made negotiations to return to the track. Made important contributions.
At the same time, China pointed out that China actively participates in relevant international dialogues and exchanges, uses high-level exchanges of visits and important meetings to promote the negotiation process, actively participates in the relevant international processes of climate change negotiations, and strengthens consultations and dialogues with various countries. The National Climate Change Expert Committee of China actively carries out academic exchanges and dialogues with relevant think tanks in other countries and promotes international cooperation in climate change scientific research, technology transfer, public education, and information sharing.
China Actively Participates in and Promotes International Cooperation in Response to Climate Change Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Wu Jingjing, Liu Wei) The “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd pointed out: China actively participates in and promotes pragmatic cooperation with governments, international organizations, and international agencies on the principle of "mutual benefit and win-win results, and is practical and effective," and plays a positive and constructive role in promoting international cooperation in coping with climate change.
*** pointed out that China has actively expanded cooperation with international organizations, strengthened information communication, resource sharing and pragmatic cooperation with relevant international organizations and institutions, signed a series of cooperation research agreements, and implemented a number of research projects involving climate change. Scientific issues, mitigation and adaptation, and response policies and measures. China actively participates in relevant international scientific and technological cooperation programs, such as the World Climate Research Program under the framework of the Earth Science Systems Alliance, the National Geosphere-Biosphere Program, the National Global Change Human Factors Program, the Global Earth Observation Group Intergovernmental Coordination Organization, and the Global Climate System Observation Program. And so on, the relevant research results provide a useful reference for the formulation of China's climate change policy.
***said that China and the United States, the European Union, Italy, Germany, Norway, the United Kingdom, France, Australia, Canada, Japan and other countries and regions have established mechanisms for dialogue and cooperation in the field of climate change and signed relevant joint declarations, memorandums of understanding and cooperation agreements. And so on, climate change will be an important part of the cooperation between the two parties.
China has also deepened pragmatic cooperation with developing countries, signed relevant joint declarations, memorandums of understanding, and cooperation agreements with South Africa, India, Brazil, and South Korea, established climate change cooperation mechanisms, and strengthened the monitoring of meteorological satellites and the development and utilization of new energy sources. The cooperation in the field has helped developing countries build 200 clean energy and environmental protection projects.
In addition, China also actively carries out cooperation on clean development mechanism projects. As of July 2011, China has approved 3,154 CDM projects, mainly focusing on new energy and renewable energy, energy conservation and energy efficiency, and methane recovery and utilization. Of these, 1,560 projects have been successfully registered with the UN Executive Board of the Clean Development Mechanism, accounting for 45.67% of the total number of registered projects in the world, and registered projects are expected to have a certified emission reduction (CER) volume of approximately 328 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year. Equivalents, accounting for 63.84% of the world total, provided support for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol.
China's Multi-Channel Guide to Actively Participate in Climate Change Actions Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Wu Jingjing and Luo Sha) The State Council Information Office issued “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†*** pointed out China actively promotes scientific knowledge on climate change, raises public awareness of low-carbon development, and pays attention to the enthusiasm of non-government organizations, media, etc., and adopts various channels and means to guide all citizens to actively participate in climate change action.
***Introduction, starting in 2008, China annually compiles and publishes an annual report on China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change, which provides an overall introduction of China's policies and progress in combating climate change. Organize and carry out a series of activities in the “Energy Conservation Week†to popularize energy conservation, emission reduction and climate change knowledge. Utilizing theme days such as World Environment Day, World Meteorological Day, Earth Day, World Oceans Day, World Car Free Day, National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, and National Popular Science Day, we will actively carry out science propaganda on climate change.
In the area of ​​civil society action, China National Territorial Economics will launch activities to create a low-carbon land and soil experimental zone. The China Environmental Protection Federation and the China Tourism Association will carry out the first batch of trials of low-carbon tourism pilot zones in 48 scenic spots, the China Iron and Steel Association and the National The trade unions organized the national key large-scale energy-consuming iron and steel production equipment energy saving and consumption reduction benchmark competition. Coal Industry Association of China, China Non-Ferrous Metals Industry Association, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association, China Federation of Building Materials, China Electric Power Enterprise Association, etc. in the industry, energy saving planning, the formulation and implementation of energy-saving standards, promotion of energy-saving technologies, energy consumption statistics, energy conservation Promotional training and information consultation have played an important role.
*** said that the Chinese media have continuously increased their efforts to cope with climate change and energy conservation and low-carbon propaganda coverage. Prepared and published a series of science popularization albums on climate change and meteorological disaster prevention, timely tracking and reporting global hot news on climate change, actively introducing China's policies, actions and progress in combating climate change, advocating low-carbon life concepts, and promoting all sectors of society. Understanding and understanding of climate change, demonstrating China's efforts and achievements in combating climate change.
***said that the Chinese public actively responds to climate change with practical actions and participates extensively in self-provided shopping bags, double-sided use of paper, control of air-conditioning temperature, use of disposable chopsticks, purchase of energy-saving products, low-carbon travel, low-carbon diets, and low prices. Carbon-based living and other energy-saving and low-carbon activities, from the daily life of clothing, food, housing, transportation, use and other subtleties, practice low-carbon lifestyle consumption.
China Describes the Principled Stand for Participation in the Durban Conference Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Hua Chunyu Zhu Shaobin) The State Council Information Office issued the “China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)â€***. *** Demonstrated the principled position of China's participation in the Durban Conference.
From the end of November to early December 2011, the UN Climate Change Conference will be held in Durban, South Africa. *** said that China believes that the Durban Conference should implement the consensus reached by all parties at the 2010 Cancun meeting, determine the specific arrangements for the relevant mechanisms, and continue to negotiate on issues that cannot be resolved in the Cancun Conference. Based on positive results.
***It is proposed that in order to promote the United Nations climate change Durban Conference to make positive progress in accordance with the requirements of the Bali Roadmap, the Chinese government adheres to the following principled positions:
First, it adheres to the basic framework of the "Convention" and the "Protocol" and strictly abides by the authorization of the Bali road map. The "Convention" and the "Protocol" are the basic framework and legal basis for international cooperation in combating climate change, and they are the consensus of the international community. They are the basis for the implementation of the Bali Roadmap and guidelines for action. The Bali Roadmap requires that in order to strengthen the comprehensive, effective and continuous implementation of the Convention and the Protocol, the quantitative mitigation targets of developed countries in the second commitment period of the Protocol should be determined, and the mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer, and financial support should be determined. Make such arrangements accordingly.
The second is to adhere to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities." During the industrialization process of the developed countries for more than 200 years, a large amount of greenhouse gases have been emitted, which is the main cause of the current global climate change and should bear the historic responsibility of taking the lead in substantially reducing emissions. Judging from the actual capabilities, developed countries have strong economic strength and they possess advanced low-carbon technologies, while developing countries lack the financial and technological means to deal with climate change, and are faced with multiple challenges such as economic development, poverty eradication and climate change. task. Therefore, developed countries should take the lead in significantly reducing emissions, while at the same time providing developing countries with funds and technology transfer. In the process of developing the economy and eradicating poverty, developing countries, with the support of developed countries, take active measures to adapt to and mitigate climate change according to the national conditions of each country.
The third is to adhere to the principle of sustainable development. Contemporary development should not undermine the ability of future generations to develop. Under the framework of sustainable development, we must take into consideration economic development, eliminate poverty, protect the climate, actively promote green and low-carbon development, achieve economic and social development, and respond to climate change.
Fourth, persist in coordinating mitigation, adaptation, funding, and technology issues. Mitigating and adapting to climate change are two organic components that address climate change and should be given equal weight. Mitigation is a relatively long-term and arduous task, and adaptation is especially realistic and urgent for developing countries. Capital and technology are essential means to achieve climate change mitigation and adaptation. Developed countries’ provision of funds to developing countries, technology transfer, and capacity building support are fundamental guarantees for developing countries to effectively respond to climate change.
Fifth, adhere to the principle of the United Nations leading climate change negotiations and adhere to the "consensus" decision-making mechanism. China has no objection to discussing the focus of negotiations on the UNFCCC and the Protocol through informal consultations or small-scale consultations outside the negotiation process of the UNFCCC and the Protocol and advancing the negotiation process. However, all the above conferences should be conducted on the Convention. Supplementary to the Protocol negotiation process, not alternatives. The principle of "consensus" is an important spirit of the UN Charter. It is in line with the overall and long-term interests of the United Nations and is of great significance to enhancing the simplification, authority, and legitimacy of decision-making. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to the "consensus" decision-making mechanism, and to improve work efficiency in an appropriate manner while ensuring the openness, transparency, and wide participation of the negotiation process.
China Takes Measures to Reduce the Adverse Effects of Climate Change Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Wu Jingjing, Liu Wei) The “China’s Policy and Action to Cope with Climate Change (2011)†published by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd pointed out that “10 During the 1st five-year period, China strengthened the scientific research and impact assessment of climate change, improved regulations and policies, improved the ability of key sectors to adapt to climate change, and mitigated the adverse effects of climate change on economic and social development and people’s lives.
In the field of agriculture, China will intensify infrastructure construction such as farmland water conservancy, increase the overall agricultural production capacity, promote the construction of large-scale farmland for drought and flood protection, promote agricultural water-saving technologies, improve disaster response capabilities, and establish and improve agricultural weather monitoring and early-warning systems.
In the field of water resources, China compiles national comprehensive plans for water resources, flood prevention plans for the seven major river basins, and national mountain flood prevention and prevention plans, strengthens river basin management and water resources management, accelerates implementation of the most stringent water resources management system, and starts construction. Batch watershed key flood prevention projects, accelerate the construction of backbone water conservancy hubs and key water source projects, and increase the intensity of soil erosion control.
In the field of oceanography, China has strengthened the construction of a network of ocean climate observations, and has initially established the ability to observe key marine climate factors in the offshore and part of the oceans of the country, and has initially established a monitoring system for typical marine ecologically sensitive areas, and carried out remediation and restoration of coastal seashores and key islands. . The observation and early warning work on marine disasters such as storm surges, waves, tsunami and sea ice has effectively reduced the number of casualties and property losses caused by various types of marine disasters.
In the field of health and hygiene, China issued the National Health Emergency Response Plan for Natural Disasters (for Trial Implementation), which defined the objectives and principles for health emergency response to natural disasters such as floods, droughts, meteorological disasters, and biological disasters, and established a system and response to natural disasters. Levels and response measures have been formulated for health emergency response work plans for natural disasters of different types. To conduct research on the mechanism of the impact of climate change on environmental-related diseases and provide technical support for the study and formulation of policies and measures for adapting to climate change.
In the field of meteorology, China Meteorological Administration issued the "Weather Research Plan (2009-2014)", "Climate Research Plan (2009-2014)", "Applied Meteorological Research Plan (2009-2014)" and "Comprehensive Meteorological Observation The Research Plan (2009-2014) issued and issued the "Implementation Plan for the China Climate Observing System" to promote the monitoring, estimation and assessment of climate change in China. Established the first-generation short-term climate prediction model system in China, developed a new-generation global climate system model, and conducted climate change assessments on various aspects such as national food security, water security, ecological security, and human health and safety.
China Accelerates the Development of Low-Carbon Energy and Controls the Emission of Green House Gases from Non-Energy Activities Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Luo Sha, Chen Rongrong) The “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd *Said China's "Eleventh Five-Year" period to accelerate the development of natural gas and other clean energy, actively develop and use non-fossil energy, and strengthen the control of greenhouse gas emissions in industrial production processes, agricultural activities, waste treatment and other areas.
*** said that China has vigorously developed natural gas, promoted the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources such as coalbed methane and shale gas, issued policies such as financial subsidies, tax incentives, power generation access, and electricity price subsidies, and formulated and implemented overall plans for the implementation and utilization of coal mine gas. Vigorously promote the use of clean coal, guide and encourage the use of coal mine gas and the development of the ground CBM.
*** shows that China's natural gas production increased from 49.3 billion cubic meters in 2005 to 94.8 billion cubic meters in 2010, an average annual increase of 14%. Natural gas accounts for 4.3% of China's energy consumption structure. The cumulative extraction of coalbed methane is 30.55 billion cubic meters, and the utilization of 11.45 billion cubic meters is equivalent to a reduction of 170 million tons of carbon dioxide.
*** said that through the introduction of national policies and funding, China has strengthened the development and utilization of low-carbon energy such as hydropower and nuclear power. As of the end of 2010, the installed capacity of hydropower reached 213 million kilowatts, which was double that of 2005; nuclear power installed capacity was 10.82 million kilowatts, and the scale under construction reached 30.97 million kilowatts. Support the development of new types of renewable energy such as wind power, solar energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy. Improve the on-grid tariff policy for wind power generation. Implementation of "Golden Sun demonstration project" and implementation of bidding for large-scale photovoltaic power plant concessions. We will improve the pricing policy for agricultural and forestry biomass power generation, increase financial support for the development of biomass energy, and strengthen rural biogas construction.
***At the same time, in 2010, the installed capacity of wind power in China increased from 1.26 million kilowatts in 2005 to 31.07 million kilowatts, and the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation increased from less than 100,000 kilowatts in 2005 to 600,000 kilowatts. The volume reached 168 million square meters, the biomass power generation capacity is about 5 million kilowatts, the annual utilization of biogas is about 14 billion cubic meters, the domestic household biogas reaches about 40 million, the biofuel ethanol utilization is 1.8 million tons, and various types of biomass energy The total contribution totals about 15 million tons of standard coal.
In addition, China has strengthened control over greenhouse gas emissions in industrial production processes, agricultural activities, and waste disposal. The use of calcium carbide slag instead of limestone to produce cement clinker and other raw material replacement technologies, blast furnace slag and fly ash, etc. as a mixed material to produce cement and other technological processes to reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions in farmland cultivation and livestock and poultry breeding. The implementation of the Soil Organic Matter Enhancement and Subsidy Project, the improvement of urban waste standards, the implementation of the living waste treatment and charging system, the promotion and utilization of advanced waste incineration technologies, and the formulation of incentive policies to promote the recovery and utilization of landfill gas. Actively carry out carbon capture, utilization and storage technology research and demonstration.
According to preliminary statistics, according to preliminary statistics, as of the end of 2010, the N2O emissions from China's industrial production process were basically stable at the level of 2005, and the growth rate of methane emissions was controlled to a certain extent.
China Has Made Significant Achievements in Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Adjusting Industrial Structure Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Luo Sha, Liu Ye) The “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd *Said that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China has accelerated the transformation of its economic development mode and achieved remarkable results by adjusting the industrial structure to control greenhouse gas emissions.
*** said that during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China formulated and issued plans for the adjustment and revitalization of ten key industries such as automobiles and steel, revised the "Guiding Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment", and issued "On suppression of overcapacity in some industries and guidance for repeated construction." Several opinions on the development of industrial health." Improve the access threshold for high-energy-consuming industries, carry out energy-saving assessment and review of fixed-asset investment projects, strengthen technological upgrading and upgrading of traditional industries, promote merger and reorganization of enterprises, and adjust export tax rebate policies for coal, some non-ferrous metals, billets and fertilizers, etc. The products are subject to export tariffs, which suppress the export of high energy-consuming, high-emission and resource-based products. Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity.
***Indicated that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China passed a total of 76.82 million kilowatts of small thermal power units, eliminated outdated steelmaking capacity of 72 million tons, iron production capacity of 120 million tons, and cement production capacity of 3.7. Billion tons, coke production capacity of 107 million tons, paper production capacity of 11.3 million tons, glass capacity of 45 million weight boxes. In the power sector, the thermal power generating unit with a capacity of more than 300,000 kilowatts has increased from 47% in 2005 to 71% in 2010. The proportion of large-scale blast furnace ironmaking capacity in the iron and steel industry above 1,000 cubic meters has increased from 48% to 61%. The electrolytic aluminum industry The proportion of large pre-baked trough production increased from 80% to more than 90%. The concentration of key industries such as steel, cement, non-ferrous metals, machinery, and automobiles has been significantly increased, and the energy consumption in key industries has been significantly reduced.
At the same time, from 2005 to 2010, China's thermal power coal consumption dropped from 370 g/kWh to 333 g/kWh, a decrease of 10%; overall energy consumption per ton of steel fell from 694 kg of standard coal to 605 kg of standard coal, a decrease of 12.8%. The comprehensive energy consumption of cement decreased by 24.6%; the comprehensive energy consumption of ethylene decreased by 11.6%; the comprehensive energy consumption of synthetic ammonia decreased by 14.3%.
*** pointed out that during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China formulated and promulgated the "Decision on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries," and clarified the overall train of thought, key tasks, and policy measures for cultivating and developing strategic emerging industries. Selected key areas for strategic emerging industries, implemented a number of major projects, and built a number of major projects. Accelerate the construction of a national innovation system, implement knowledge innovation projects and technological innovation projects, and strengthen major technological breakthroughs. Launched a venture capital project for emerging industries, initiated the establishment of 20 venture capital investments, and supported the growth of innovative companies in strategic emerging industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection and new energy. In 2010, the output value of China’s high-tech manufacturing industry reached 7.6 trillion yuan, ranking second in the world, and more than doubled from 2005.
In addition, China has formulated and implemented important documents such as the “Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Service Industry†and “Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Certain Service Policies and Measures on the Service Industryâ€, and has vigorously promoted the development of the production industry and the industry. Issued "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of High-tech Service Industry." From 2005 to 2010, the average value-added of China's service industry grew at an average annual rate of 11.9%, 0.7% higher than the average annual growth rate of GDP, and the ratio of value added of service industry to GDP increased from 40.3% to 43%.
***: Various binding indicators demonstrate China's determination to tackle climate change Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22nd, (reporter Hua Chunyu, Chen Yurong) The State Council Information Office released “China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)â€* **. *** said that China's proposed binding indicators demonstrate the Chinese government's determination to promote low-carbon development and actively respond to climate change.
***said that before the Copenhagen conference in 2009, the Chinese government announced its goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to 45% from 2005 by 2020, and incorporated it into the national economy and society as a binding indicator. Develop medium and long-term planning.
In March 2011, the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan Outline for the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China†reviewed and passed by the Chinese National Committee of the People's Republic of China puts forward a binding target for China’s response to climate change during the 12th Five-Year Plan period: by 2015, GDP CO2 emissions fell by 17% compared to 2010, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 16% compared to 2010, non-fossil energy accounted for 11.4% of primary energy consumption, forest area increased by 12.5 million hectares, forest coverage It increased to 21.66% and forest reserves increased by 600 million cubic meters.
*** pointed out that during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, China will take an active approach to global climate change as an important task for economic and social development, adhere to the theme of scientific development, accelerate the transformation of economic development as the main line, and firmly establish green, The concept of low-carbon development takes the active response to climate change as a major strategy for economic and social development, as a major opportunity to adjust the economic structure and change the mode of economic development, persists in taking a new road to industrialization, reasonably controls total energy consumption, and comprehensively uses optimized industrial structures. Various means such as energy structure, energy conservation and energy efficiency, and carbon sink increase, effectively control greenhouse gas emissions, improve the ability to cope with climate change, and extensively carry out international cooperation in the field of climate change to promote sustainable economic and social development.
China Actively Increases Carbon Sinks to Promote Local Low Carbon Development Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Luo Sha Zhu Shaobin) The “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd said: “ During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, China actively increased carbon sinks in forests, farmlands, and grasslands, and at the same time promoted pilot projects in low-carbon provinces and low-carbon cities. All regions actively explored low-carbon development experiences.
*** stated that during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China continued to implement the ecological construction of the "Three Norths" key shelterbelt project, the key shelterbelt project in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the project of returning farmland to forests, the protection of natural forests, and the management of wind and sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin. Projects, piloting carbon sinks and afforestation, strengthening forestry management and sustainable management, and increasing forest reserves, the central government has raised subsidies for afforestation, raising the subsidies per mu from 100 yuan to 200 yuan, and establishing China Green Carbon Conference.
*** pointed out that at present, China has preserved 26 million hectares of planted forest, and the country’s forest area has reached 195 million hectares. The forest coverage rate has increased from 18.21% in 2005 to 20.36% in 2010, and the forest stock volume has reached 13.721 billion cubic meters. The national forest vegetation carbon reserves reached 7.811 billion tons.
***At the same time, China pointed out that in the pastoral areas of the grasslands, the grassland protection system such as grazing balance, grazing ban, grazing, and rotational grazing should be implemented to control the amount of livestock carried by the grasslands and curb the degradation of the grasslands. We will expand the scope of implementation of the project to restore grazing land to grassland and strengthen the construction of artificial feeding grassland and irrigation grassland. Strengthen grassland disaster prevention and control, increase grassland coverage, and increase grassland carbon sinks. By 2010, the country has implemented 64.75 million mu of conservation tillage technology, 167 million mu of mechanized no-tillage sowing, and 428 million mu of smashed mechanized straw.
In addition, China actively promotes the pilot work of low-carbon provinces and low-carbon cities. In 2010, the pilot work of the national low-carbon provinces and low-carbon cities was started, and five provinces including Guangdong, Hubei, Liaoning, Shaanxi, and Yunnan, and eight cities including Tianjin, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Shenzhen, Guiyang, Nanchang and Baoding were selected as the first In the pilot trials, various regions actively explored low-carbon development experiences.
China believes that the Durban meeting should reach concrete results in three aspects. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22nd, (reporter Hua Chunyu, Wu Jingjing) The State Council Information Office released the “China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)â€***. *** said that China believes that the Durban Conference should achieve concrete results in three areas.
*** Proposed that the Durban Conference must first clarify the arrangements for developed countries to make absolute absolute quantitative emission reductions during the second commitment period of the Protocol. At the same time, the Durban Conference must clarify that developed countries that are not "protocols" under the "Convention" bear commitments that are comparable to those of other developed countries under the Protocol. In addition, the Durban Conference will elaborate and implement the institutional arrangements for adaptation, funding, technology transfer, and capacity building, and detail the "three possibilities" (measurable, reportable, verifiable) that reflect the distinction between developed and developing countries. The specific arrangement of transparency.
*** said that China will continue to actively promote the international negotiation process on climate change, actively participate in the UN climate change negotiation conference, and support the forthcoming Durban meeting on climate change to achieve comprehensive and balanced results in the implementation of negotiations on the Bali Roadmap. Comprehensive, effective and continuous implementation of the "Convention" and "Protocol" will be made in a fair, reasonable and effective arrangement.
"China is willing to work with the international community to work together to promote the Durban meeting to achieve positive results," said ***.
China's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period to reduce emissions of more than 1.46 billion tons of carbon dioxide by Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Luo Sha, Chen Rongrong) China's Policy and Action to Combat Climate Change issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd )â€*** said that China has completed the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†proposed energy-saving goals. In 2010, the energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 19.1% compared to 2005, achieving energy savings of 630 million tons of standard coal, which is equivalent to less emissions. More than 1.46 billion tons of carbon dioxide.
*** shows that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China’s 6.6% annual growth in energy consumption has supported an average annual growth rate of 11.2% in the national economy, and the energy consumption elasticity coefficient has been changed from the period of the “Tenth Five-year Plan†(2001-2005). 1.04 dropped to 0.59, which eased the contradiction between energy supply and demand.
*** said that China has established a statistical monitoring and evaluation system by decomposing and fulfilling its responsibility for energy saving targets, and regularly evaluates the completion of energy conservation goals and the implementation of energy conservation measures for 31 provincial governments and 1,000 key enterprises across the country. In 2010, 18 key areas across the country launched special inspections of energy conservation and emission reductions, conducted stringent target responsibility assessments and accountability, and promoted the realization of national energy conservation goals.
At the same time, China has implemented ten key energy-saving projects such as industrial boiler (kiln) reform, cogeneration, energy saving of motor systems, and utilization of waste heat and pressure, and launched energy conservation actions for 1,000 enterprises, strengthened energy-saving management of key energy-consuming enterprises, and promoted energy audits and energy efficiency. Marking activities. Carried out special campaigns for the low-carbon transportation of thousands of enterprises in “cars, boats, roads and ports†and vigorously developed urban public transportation. We will increase the implementation rate of mandatory energy-saving standards for newly-built buildings, speed up energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, promote the application of renewable energy in buildings, and carry out energy-saving reforms for government offices and office buildings.
*** pointed out that as of the end of 2010, the proportion of mandatory standards for implementing energy conservation in the new construction design phase of urban construction in China was 99.5%, and the proportion of mandatory standards for energy conservation in the construction phase was 95.4%. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, a total of 4.857 billion square meters of energy-saving building area was built, and a total of 46 million tons of standard coal was formed. Launched energy-saving actions in the retail industry, restricted production, sales, use of plastic shopping bags, and suppressed over-packaging of goods.
*** stated that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China issued three batches of 115 national key energy-saving technology promotion catalogues, and seven key energy-saving technologies were promoted in steel, building materials, and chemical industries. Implement energy-saving products to benefit people's projects, carry out demonstration and promotion of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and establish a preferential procurement system for energy-saving products. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, a large number of high-efficiency energy-saving technologies such as pure low-temperature waste heat power generation, new cathode aluminum electrolytic tanks, high-voltage frequency conversion, rare earth permanent magnet motors, and plasma-free oil-fired ignition have been widely used, and the market share of high-efficiency lighting products reached 67%. The market share of high-efficiency energy-saving air conditioners reaches 70%.
*** said that China has carried out the construction of a national "urban minerals" demonstration base and actively promoted the comprehensive utilization of bulk industrial solid waste. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, comprehensive utilization of fly ash was about 1 billion tons and coal gangue was about 1.1 billion tons. Smelting slag is about 500 million tons. Arrangements for central investment support the construction of remanufacturing industrialization projects. By the end of 2010, China had formed a remanufacturing capacity of 250,000 sets (sets) of automobile engines, transmissions, steering gears, and generators.
China actively uses market mechanisms such as contract energy management, power demand side management, and voluntary energy conservation agreements to promote energy conservation. Improve the design standards of energy-saving projects for residential buildings in the three different climatic regions of severe cold and cold, hot summer and cold winter, hot summer and warm winter, and energy-saving design standards for public buildings, and construction quality acceptance criteria for building energy-saving projects.
In addition, China has accelerated the reform of the energy price formation mechanism, implemented the reform of taxes and fees on refined oil products, implemented differentiated electricity prices for high-energy-consuming industries, implemented punitive electricity prices for ultra-energy-consuming products, and promoted heating metering charges.设立节能å‡æŽ’专项资金，稳妥推进资æºç¨Žåˆ¶æ”¹é©ï¼Œä¸æ–完善出å£é€€ç¨Žåˆ¶åº¦ï¼Œè°ƒæ•´è½¦è¾†è´ç½®ç¨Žæ”¿ç–，改é©è½¦èˆ¹ç¨Žã€‚对高效ã€èŠ‚能ã€ä½Žç¢³äº§å“实施进å£ç¨Žæ”¶ä¼˜æƒ 政ç–。
ä¸å›½åº”对气候å˜åŒ–法律法规体系ã€ç®¡ç†ä½“制ä¸æ–å¥å…¨å®Œå–„æ–°åŽç¤¾åŒ—京11月22日电（记者å´æ™¶æ™¶ã€ç½—沙）国务院新闻办公室22æ—¥å‘表的《ä¸å›½åº”对气候å˜åŒ–的政ç–与行动（2011）》***指出，“å一五â€æœŸé—´ï¼Œä¸å›½åº”对气候å˜åŒ–法律法规体系ä¸æ–å¥å…¨ï¼Œç®¡ç†ä½“制和工作机制ä¸æ–完善。
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According to the contents of the ***, these 11 aspects include: strengthening the legal system and strategic planning, including organizing the preparation of the National Plan for Climate Change (2011-2020); accelerating economic restructuring; optimizing the energy structure and developing clean energy; Continue to implement key energy conservation projects; vigorously develop circular economy, including the preparation of a national overall plan for the development of circular economy; solidly promote low-carbon pilots; and gradually establish a carbon emissions trading market, including the gradual establishment of inter-provincial carbon emissions trading system; increase carbon sink; Improve the ability to adapt to climate change; continue to strengthen capacity building; conduct international cooperation in all directions.
*** also pointed out that in 2011, the Chinese government issued the "12th Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Work" and "The 12th Five-Year Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions" and other energy conservation measures during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. Efforts have been made to fully reduce emissions and control greenhouse gas emissions.
“China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)â€*** comprehensively describes China’s policies and actions to address climate change during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, positive results achieved, and response to climate change during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period. The overall deployment and related negotiation positions.
*** Divided into preface, climate change mitigation, adaptation to climate change, basic capacity building, participation of the whole society, participation in international negotiations, strengthening of international cooperation, objectives, tasks and policy actions during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China's participation in international negotiations on climate change The basic position, concluding remarks and other parts.
China's Capacity Building in Response to Climate Change Further Strengthened Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Wu Jingjing and Chen Rongrong) The “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd pointed out that “10 During the 1st Five-Year Plan period, China continued to improve its scientific and policy research on climate change, strengthened education and training on climate change, and further strengthened its capacity building.
*** said that China has continuously strengthened its ability to support scientific and technological research. Organize the preparation of the first and second National Climate Change Assessment Report. We carried out research on the relationship between climate change and environmental quality, coordinated control of greenhouse gases and pollutants, mechanisms of climate change and water circulation, and responses to climate change and forestry. Establish future climate change trend datasets and publish climate change forecast datasets in Asia.
In promoting climate-friendly technology research and development, China has carried out energy clean and high-efficiency utilization technologies, key industry industrial energy-saving technologies and equipment development, building energy-saving key technologies and material development in the national high-tech research and development plan ("863" program) and science and technology support plan. The development of key technologies and equipments for clean production in key industries, energy-saving technologies such as the development model of low-carbon economy industries and the integration of key technologies have resulted in a number of invention patents and major achievements with independent intellectual property rights.
China also strengthens research on climate change strategies and policies. Focusing on the major tasks of tackling climate change during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, we will study the long-term strategy for combating climate change, carry out China's low-carbon development strategy, the national overall climate change adaptation strategy, carbon emission trading mechanisms, and domestic and international research on relevant laws and regulations concerning climate change. Launched China's special scientific and technological action for addressing climate change, with a total investment of about 110 million yuan, to carry out major research on China's green development strategy and technical issues.
*** At the same time, it pointed out that China gradually incorporates the content of climate change into the national education system. Chinese and higher education institutions have strengthened education on the environment and climate change, successively established environmental and climate change related majors, strengthened the construction of climate change education and scientific research bases, and played an active role in training professionals in the field of climate change. Strengthen the training of leading cadres on climate change knowledge. By organizing collective learning, lectures, and reporting sessions, we can effectively raise the awareness of the climate change and scientific management of leading cadres at all levels.
China's contribution to promoting the establishment of a fair and reasonable international response to climate change Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Wu Jingjing, Zhu Shaobin) “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†published by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd * pointed out that the Chinese government attaches great importance to the issue of global climate change, takes a highly responsible attitude, actively and constructively participates in international negotiations on climate change, strengthens multi-level consultations and dialogues with countries in the field of climate change, and strives to promote all parties on climate change. The consensus on issues has made positive contributions to promoting the establishment of a fair and reasonable international response to climate change.
***said that China adheres to the "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" and the "Kyoto Protocol" dual-track negotiation mechanism, and adheres to the rules of party-led, open, transparent, extensive participation, and consensus, and actively plays the role of the UN in the framework of international negotiations on climate change. The role of the main channel, adhere to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", actively participate in constructive negotiations, strengthen communication with all parties, and promote consensus on all parties.
In 2007, China actively participated in the UN Conference on Climate Change in Bali, Indonesia, and made substantial contributions to the formation of the Bali Roadmap. In 2009, China actively participated in the negotiations at the Copenhagen conference and played a key role in breaking the deadlock in the negotiations and promoting the formation of consensus among all parties. In 2010, China fully participated in negotiations and negotiations in Cancun, Mexico, insisted on the openness, transparency, extensive participation, and consensus of the negotiation process, and put forward constructive proposals on various negotiation topics, and achieved practical results for Cancun, and made negotiations to return to the track. Made important contributions.
At the same time, China pointed out that China actively participates in relevant international dialogues and exchanges, uses high-level exchanges of visits and important meetings to promote the negotiation process, actively participates in the relevant international processes of climate change negotiations, and strengthens consultations and dialogues with various countries. The National Climate Change Expert Committee of China actively carries out academic exchanges and dialogues with relevant think tanks in other countries and promotes international cooperation in climate change scientific research, technology transfer, public education, and information sharing.
China Actively Participates in and Promotes International Cooperation in Response to Climate Change Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Wu Jingjing, Liu Wei) The “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd pointed out: China actively participates in and promotes pragmatic cooperation with governments, international organizations, and international agencies on the principle of "mutual benefit and win-win results, and is practical and effective," and plays a positive and constructive role in promoting international cooperation in coping with climate change.
*** pointed out that China has actively expanded cooperation with international organizations, strengthened information communication, resource sharing and pragmatic cooperation with relevant international organizations and institutions, signed a series of cooperation research agreements, and implemented a number of research projects involving climate change. Scientific issues, mitigation and adaptation, and response policies and measures. China actively participates in relevant international scientific and technological cooperation programs, such as the World Climate Research Program under the framework of the Earth Science Systems Alliance, the National Geosphere-Biosphere Program, the National Global Change Human Factors Program, the Global Earth Observation Group Intergovernmental Coordination Organization, and the Global Climate System Observation Program. And so on, the relevant research results provide a useful reference for the formulation of China's climate change policy.
***said that China and the United States, the European Union, Italy, Germany, Norway, the United Kingdom, France, Australia, Canada, Japan and other countries and regions have established mechanisms for dialogue and cooperation in the field of climate change and signed relevant joint declarations, memorandums of understanding and cooperation agreements. And so on, climate change will be an important part of the cooperation between the two parties.
China has also deepened pragmatic cooperation with developing countries, signed relevant joint declarations, memorandums of understanding, and cooperation agreements with South Africa, India, Brazil, and South Korea, established climate change cooperation mechanisms, and strengthened the monitoring of meteorological satellites and the development and utilization of new energy sources. The cooperation in the field has helped developing countries build 200 clean energy and environmental protection projects.
In addition, China also actively carries out cooperation on clean development mechanism projects. As of July 2011, China has approved 3,154 CDM projects, mainly focusing on new energy and renewable energy, energy conservation and energy efficiency, and methane recovery and utilization. Of these, 1,560 projects have been successfully registered with the UN Executive Board of the Clean Development Mechanism, accounting for 45.67% of the total number of registered projects in the world, and registered projects are expected to have a certified emission reduction (CER) volume of approximately 328 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year. Equivalents, accounting for 63.84% of the world total, provided support for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol.
China's Multi-Channel Guide to Actively Participate in Climate Change Actions Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Wu Jingjing and Luo Sha) The State Council Information Office issued “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†*** pointed out China actively promotes scientific knowledge on climate change, raises public awareness of low-carbon development, and pays attention to the enthusiasm of non-government organizations, media, etc., and adopts various channels and means to guide all citizens to actively participate in climate change action.
***Introduction, starting in 2008, China annually compiles and publishes an annual report on China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change, which provides an overall introduction of China's policies and progress in combating climate change. Organize and carry out a series of activities in the “Energy Conservation Week†to popularize energy conservation, emission reduction and climate change knowledge. Utilizing theme days such as World Environment Day, World Meteorological Day, Earth Day, World Oceans Day, World Car Free Day, National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, and National Popular Science Day, we will actively carry out science propaganda on climate change.
In the area of ​​civil society action, China National Territorial Economics will launch activities to create a low-carbon land and soil experimental zone. The China Environmental Protection Federation and the China Tourism Association will carry out the first batch of trials of low-carbon tourism pilot zones in 48 scenic spots, the China Iron and Steel Association and the National The trade unions organized the national key large-scale energy-consuming iron and steel production equipment energy saving and consumption reduction benchmark competition. Coal Industry Association of China, China Non-Ferrous Metals Industry Association, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association, China Federation of Building Materials, China Electric Power Enterprise Association, etc. in the industry, energy saving planning, the formulation and implementation of energy-saving standards, promotion of energy-saving technologies, energy consumption statistics, energy conservation Promotional training and information consultation have played an important role.
*** said that the Chinese media have continuously increased their efforts to cope with climate change and energy conservation and low-carbon propaganda coverage. Prepared and published a series of science popularization albums on climate change and meteorological disaster prevention, timely tracking and reporting global hot news on climate change, actively introducing China's policies, actions and progress in combating climate change, advocating low-carbon life concepts, and promoting all sectors of society. Understanding and understanding of climate change, demonstrating China's efforts and achievements in combating climate change.
***said that the Chinese public actively responds to climate change with practical actions and participates extensively in self-provided shopping bags, double-sided use of paper, control of air-conditioning temperature, use of disposable chopsticks, purchase of energy-saving products, low-carbon travel, low-carbon diets, and low prices. Carbon-based living and other energy-saving and low-carbon activities, from the daily life of clothing, food, housing, transportation, use and other subtleties, practice low-carbon lifestyle consumption.
China Describes the Principled Stand for Participation in the Durban Conference Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Hua Chunyu Zhu Shaobin) The State Council Information Office issued the “China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)â€***. *** Demonstrated the principled position of China's participation in the Durban Conference.
From the end of November to early December 2011, the UN Climate Change Conference will be held in Durban, South Africa. *** said that China believes that the Durban Conference should implement the consensus reached by all parties at the 2010 Cancun meeting, determine the specific arrangements for the relevant mechanisms, and continue to negotiate on issues that cannot be resolved in the Cancun Conference. Based on positive results.
***It is proposed that in order to promote the United Nations climate change Durban Conference to make positive progress in accordance with the requirements of the Bali Roadmap, the Chinese government adheres to the following principled positions:
First, it adheres to the basic framework of the "Convention" and the "Protocol" and strictly abides by the authorization of the Bali road map. The "Convention" and the "Protocol" are the basic framework and legal basis for international cooperation in combating climate change, and they are the consensus of the international community. They are the basis for the implementation of the Bali Roadmap and guidelines for action. The Bali Roadmap requires that in order to strengthen the comprehensive, effective and continuous implementation of the Convention and the Protocol, the quantitative mitigation targets of developed countries in the second commitment period of the Protocol should be determined, and the mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer, and financial support should be determined. Make such arrangements accordingly.
The second is to adhere to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities." During the industrialization process of the developed countries for more than 200 years, a large amount of greenhouse gases have been emitted, which is the main cause of the current global climate change and should bear the historic responsibility of taking the lead in substantially reducing emissions. Judging from the actual capabilities, developed countries have strong economic strength and they possess advanced low-carbon technologies, while developing countries lack the financial and technological means to deal with climate change, and are faced with multiple challenges such as economic development, poverty eradication and climate change. task. Therefore, developed countries should take the lead in significantly reducing emissions, while at the same time providing developing countries with funds and technology transfer. In the process of developing the economy and eradicating poverty, developing countries, with the support of developed countries, take active measures to adapt to and mitigate climate change according to the national conditions of each country.
The third is to adhere to the principle of sustainable development. Contemporary development should not undermine the ability of future generations to develop. Under the framework of sustainable development, we must take into consideration economic development, eliminate poverty, protect the climate, actively promote green and low-carbon development, achieve economic and social development, and respond to climate change.
Fourth, persist in coordinating mitigation, adaptation, funding, and technology issues. Mitigating and adapting to climate change are two organic components that address climate change and should be given equal weight. Mitigation is a relatively long-term and arduous task, and adaptation is especially realistic and urgent for developing countries. Capital and technology are essential means to achieve climate change mitigation and adaptation. Developed countries’ provision of funds to developing countries, technology transfer, and capacity building support are fundamental guarantees for developing countries to effectively respond to climate change.
Fifth, adhere to the principle of the United Nations leading climate change negotiations and adhere to the "consensus" decision-making mechanism. China has no objection to discussing the focus of negotiations on the UNFCCC and the Protocol through informal consultations or small-scale consultations outside the negotiation process of the UNFCCC and the Protocol and advancing the negotiation process. However, all the above conferences should be conducted on the Convention. Supplementary to the Protocol negotiation process, not alternatives. The principle of "consensus" is an important spirit of the UN Charter. It is in line with the overall and long-term interests of the United Nations and is of great significance to enhancing the simplification, authority, and legitimacy of decision-making. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to the "consensus" decision-making mechanism, and to improve work efficiency in an appropriate manner while ensuring the openness, transparency, and wide participation of the negotiation process.
China Takes Measures to Reduce the Adverse Effects of Climate Change Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Wu Jingjing, Liu Wei) The “China’s Policy and Action to Cope with Climate Change (2011)†published by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd pointed out that “10 During the 1st five-year period, China strengthened the scientific research and impact assessment of climate change, improved regulations and policies, improved the ability of key sectors to adapt to climate change, and mitigated the adverse effects of climate change on economic and social development and people’s lives.
In the field of agriculture, China will intensify infrastructure construction such as farmland water conservancy, increase the overall agricultural production capacity, promote the construction of large-scale farmland for drought and flood protection, promote agricultural water-saving technologies, improve disaster response capabilities, and establish and improve agricultural weather monitoring and early-warning systems.
In the field of water resources, China compiles national comprehensive plans for water resources, flood prevention plans for the seven major river basins, and national mountain flood prevention and prevention plans, strengthens river basin management and water resources management, accelerates implementation of the most stringent water resources management system, and starts construction. Batch watershed key flood prevention projects, accelerate the construction of backbone water conservancy hubs and key water source projects, and increase the intensity of soil erosion control.
In the field of oceanography, China has strengthened the construction of a network of ocean climate observations, and has initially established the ability to observe key marine climate factors in the offshore and part of the oceans of the country, and has initially established a monitoring system for typical marine ecologically sensitive areas, and carried out remediation and restoration of coastal seashores and key islands. . The observation and early warning work on marine disasters such as storm surges, waves, tsunami and sea ice has effectively reduced the number of casualties and property losses caused by various types of marine disasters.
In the field of health and hygiene, China issued the National Health Emergency Response Plan for Natural Disasters (for Trial Implementation), which defined the objectives and principles for health emergency response to natural disasters such as floods, droughts, meteorological disasters, and biological disasters, and established a system and response to natural disasters. Levels and response measures have been formulated for health emergency response work plans for natural disasters of different types. To conduct research on the mechanism of the impact of climate change on environmental-related diseases and provide technical support for the study and formulation of policies and measures for adapting to climate change.
In the field of meteorology, China Meteorological Administration issued the "Weather Research Plan (2009-2014)", "Climate Research Plan (2009-2014)", "Applied Meteorological Research Plan (2009-2014)" and "Comprehensive Meteorological Observation The Research Plan (2009-2014) issued and issued the "Implementation Plan for the China Climate Observing System" to promote the monitoring, estimation and assessment of climate change in China. Established the first-generation short-term climate prediction model system in China, developed a new-generation global climate system model, and conducted climate change assessments on various aspects such as national food security, water security, ecological security, and human health and safety.
China Accelerates the Development of Low-Carbon Energy and Controls the Emission of Green House Gases from Non-Energy Activities Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Luo Sha, Chen Rongrong) The “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd *Said China's "Eleventh Five-Year" period to accelerate the development of natural gas and other clean energy, actively develop and use non-fossil energy, and strengthen the control of greenhouse gas emissions in industrial production processes, agricultural activities, waste treatment and other areas.
*** said that China has vigorously developed natural gas, promoted the development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources such as coalbed methane and shale gas, issued policies such as financial subsidies, tax incentives, power generation access, and electricity price subsidies, and formulated and implemented overall plans for the implementation and utilization of coal mine gas. Vigorously promote the use of clean coal, guide and encourage the use of coal mine gas and the development of the ground CBM.
*** shows that China's natural gas production increased from 49.3 billion cubic meters in 2005 to 94.8 billion cubic meters in 2010, an average annual increase of 14%. Natural gas accounts for 4.3% of China's energy consumption structure. The cumulative extraction of coalbed methane is 30.55 billion cubic meters, and the utilization of 11.45 billion cubic meters is equivalent to a reduction of 170 million tons of carbon dioxide.
*** said that through the introduction of national policies and funding, China has strengthened the development and utilization of low-carbon energy such as hydropower and nuclear power. As of the end of 2010, the installed capacity of hydropower reached 213 million kilowatts, which was double that of 2005; nuclear power installed capacity was 10.82 million kilowatts, and the scale under construction reached 30.97 million kilowatts. Support the development of new types of renewable energy such as wind power, solar energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy. Improve the on-grid tariff policy for wind power generation. Implementation of "Golden Sun demonstration project" and implementation of bidding for large-scale photovoltaic power plant concessions. We will improve the pricing policy for agricultural and forestry biomass power generation, increase financial support for the development of biomass energy, and strengthen rural biogas construction.
***At the same time, in 2010, the installed capacity of wind power in China increased from 1.26 million kilowatts in 2005 to 31.07 million kilowatts, and the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation increased from less than 100,000 kilowatts in 2005 to 600,000 kilowatts. The volume reached 168 million square meters, the biomass power generation capacity is about 5 million kilowatts, the annual utilization of biogas is about 14 billion cubic meters, the domestic household biogas reaches about 40 million, the biofuel ethanol utilization is 1.8 million tons, and various types of biomass energy The total contribution totals about 15 million tons of standard coal.
In addition, China has strengthened control over greenhouse gas emissions in industrial production processes, agricultural activities, and waste disposal. The use of calcium carbide slag instead of limestone to produce cement clinker and other raw material replacement technologies, blast furnace slag and fly ash, etc. as a mixed material to produce cement and other technological processes to reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions in farmland cultivation and livestock and poultry breeding. The implementation of the Soil Organic Matter Enhancement and Subsidy Project, the improvement of urban waste standards, the implementation of the living waste treatment and charging system, the promotion and utilization of advanced waste incineration technologies, and the formulation of incentive policies to promote the recovery and utilization of landfill gas. Actively carry out carbon capture, utilization and storage technology research and demonstration.
According to preliminary statistics, according to preliminary statistics, as of the end of 2010, the N2O emissions from China's industrial production process were basically stable at the level of 2005, and the growth rate of methane emissions was controlled to a certain extent.
China Has Made Significant Achievements in Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Adjusting Industrial Structure Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Luo Sha, Liu Ye) The “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd *Said that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China has accelerated the transformation of its economic development mode and achieved remarkable results by adjusting the industrial structure to control greenhouse gas emissions.
*** said that during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China formulated and issued plans for the adjustment and revitalization of ten key industries such as automobiles and steel, revised the "Guiding Catalogue for Industrial Structure Adjustment", and issued "On suppression of overcapacity in some industries and guidance for repeated construction." Several opinions on the development of industrial health." Improve the access threshold for high-energy-consuming industries, carry out energy-saving assessment and review of fixed-asset investment projects, strengthen technological upgrading and upgrading of traditional industries, promote merger and reorganization of enterprises, and adjust export tax rebate policies for coal, some non-ferrous metals, billets and fertilizers, etc. The products are subject to export tariffs, which suppress the export of high energy-consuming, high-emission and resource-based products. Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity.
***Indicated that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China passed a total of 76.82 million kilowatts of small thermal power units, eliminated outdated steelmaking capacity of 72 million tons, iron production capacity of 120 million tons, and cement production capacity of 3.7. Billion tons, coke production capacity of 107 million tons, paper production capacity of 11.3 million tons, glass capacity of 45 million weight boxes. In the power sector, the thermal power generating unit with a capacity of more than 300,000 kilowatts has increased from 47% in 2005 to 71% in 2010. The proportion of large-scale blast furnace ironmaking capacity in the iron and steel industry above 1,000 cubic meters has increased from 48% to 61%. The electrolytic aluminum industry The proportion of large pre-baked trough production increased from 80% to more than 90%. The concentration of key industries such as steel, cement, non-ferrous metals, machinery, and automobiles has been significantly increased, and the energy consumption in key industries has been significantly reduced.
At the same time, from 2005 to 2010, China's thermal power coal consumption dropped from 370 g/kWh to 333 g/kWh, a decrease of 10%; overall energy consumption per ton of steel fell from 694 kg of standard coal to 605 kg of standard coal, a decrease of 12.8%. The comprehensive energy consumption of cement decreased by 24.6%; the comprehensive energy consumption of ethylene decreased by 11.6%; the comprehensive energy consumption of synthetic ammonia decreased by 14.3%.
*** pointed out that during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China formulated and promulgated the "Decision on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries," and clarified the overall train of thought, key tasks, and policy measures for cultivating and developing strategic emerging industries. Selected key areas for strategic emerging industries, implemented a number of major projects, and built a number of major projects. Accelerate the construction of a national innovation system, implement knowledge innovation projects and technological innovation projects, and strengthen major technological breakthroughs. Launched a venture capital project for emerging industries, initiated the establishment of 20 venture capital investments, and supported the growth of innovative companies in strategic emerging industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection and new energy. In 2010, the output value of China’s high-tech manufacturing industry reached 7.6 trillion yuan, ranking second in the world, and more than doubled from 2005.
In addition, China has formulated and implemented important documents such as the “Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Service Industry†and “Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Certain Service Policies and Measures on the Service Industryâ€, and has vigorously promoted the development of the production industry and the industry. Issued "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of High-tech Service Industry." From 2005 to 2010, the average value-added of China's service industry grew at an average annual rate of 11.9%, 0.7% higher than the average annual growth rate of GDP, and the ratio of value added of service industry to GDP increased from 40.3% to 43%.
***: Various binding indicators demonstrate China's determination to tackle climate change Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22nd, (reporter Hua Chunyu, Chen Yurong) The State Council Information Office released “China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)â€* **. *** said that China's proposed binding indicators demonstrate the Chinese government's determination to promote low-carbon development and actively respond to climate change.
***said that before the Copenhagen conference in 2009, the Chinese government announced its goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to 45% from 2005 by 2020, and incorporated it into the national economy and society as a binding indicator. Develop medium and long-term planning.
In March 2011, the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan Outline for the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China†reviewed and passed by the Chinese National Committee of the People's Republic of China puts forward a binding target for China’s response to climate change during the 12th Five-Year Plan period: by 2015, GDP CO2 emissions fell by 17% compared to 2010, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 16% compared to 2010, non-fossil energy accounted for 11.4% of primary energy consumption, forest area increased by 12.5 million hectares, forest coverage It increased to 21.66% and forest reserves increased by 600 million cubic meters.
*** pointed out that during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, China will take an active approach to global climate change as an important task for economic and social development, adhere to the theme of scientific development, accelerate the transformation of economic development as the main line, and firmly establish green, The concept of low-carbon development takes the active response to climate change as a major strategy for economic and social development, as a major opportunity to adjust the economic structure and change the mode of economic development, persists in taking a new road to industrialization, reasonably controls total energy consumption, and comprehensively uses optimized industrial structures. Various means such as energy structure, energy conservation and energy efficiency, and carbon sink increase, effectively control greenhouse gas emissions, improve the ability to cope with climate change, and extensively carry out international cooperation in the field of climate change to promote sustainable economic and social development.
China Actively Increases Carbon Sinks to Promote Local Low Carbon Development Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Luo Sha Zhu Shaobin) The “China’s Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)†issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd said: “ During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, China actively increased carbon sinks in forests, farmlands, and grasslands, and at the same time promoted pilot projects in low-carbon provinces and low-carbon cities. All regions actively explored low-carbon development experiences.
*** stated that during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China continued to implement the ecological construction of the "Three Norths" key shelterbelt project, the key shelterbelt project in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the project of returning farmland to forests, the protection of natural forests, and the management of wind and sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin. Projects, piloting carbon sinks and afforestation, strengthening forestry management and sustainable management, and increasing forest reserves, the central government has raised subsidies for afforestation, raising the subsidies per mu from 100 yuan to 200 yuan, and establishing China Green Carbon Conference.
*** pointed out that at present, China has preserved 26 million hectares of planted forest, and the country’s forest area has reached 195 million hectares. The forest coverage rate has increased from 18.21% in 2005 to 20.36% in 2010, and the forest stock volume has reached 13.721 billion cubic meters. The national forest vegetation carbon reserves reached 7.811 billion tons.
***At the same time, China pointed out that in the pastoral areas of the grasslands, the grassland protection system such as grazing balance, grazing ban, grazing, and rotational grazing should be implemented to control the amount of livestock carried by the grasslands and curb the degradation of the grasslands. We will expand the scope of implementation of the project to restore grazing land to grassland and strengthen the construction of artificial feeding grassland and irrigation grassland. Strengthen grassland disaster prevention and control, increase grassland coverage, and increase grassland carbon sinks. By 2010, the country has implemented 64.75 million mu of conservation tillage technology, 167 million mu of mechanized no-tillage sowing, and 428 million mu of smashed mechanized straw.
In addition, China actively promotes the pilot work of low-carbon provinces and low-carbon cities. In 2010, the pilot work of the national low-carbon provinces and low-carbon cities was started, and five provinces including Guangdong, Hubei, Liaoning, Shaanxi, and Yunnan, and eight cities including Tianjin, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Shenzhen, Guiyang, Nanchang and Baoding were selected as the first In the pilot trials, various regions actively explored low-carbon development experiences.
China believes that the Durban meeting should reach concrete results in three aspects. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22nd, (reporter Hua Chunyu, Wu Jingjing) The State Council Information Office released the “China's Policies and Actions in Response to Climate Change (2011)â€***. *** said that China believes that the Durban Conference should achieve concrete results in three areas.
*** Proposed that the Durban Conference must first clarify the arrangements for developed countries to make absolute absolute quantitative emission reductions during the second commitment period of the Protocol. At the same time, the Durban Conference must clarify that developed countries that are not "protocols" under the "Convention" bear commitments that are comparable to those of other developed countries under the Protocol. In addition, the Durban Conference will elaborate and implement the institutional arrangements for adaptation, funding, technology transfer, and capacity building, and detail the "three possibilities" (measurable, reportable, verifiable) that reflect the distinction between developed and developing countries. The specific arrangement of transparency.
*** said that China will continue to actively promote the international negotiation process on climate change, actively participate in the UN climate change negotiation conference, and support the forthcoming Durban meeting on climate change to achieve comprehensive and balanced results in the implementation of negotiations on the Bali Roadmap. Comprehensive, effective and continuous implementation of the "Convention" and "Protocol" will be made in a fair, reasonable and effective arrangement.
"China is willing to work with the international community to work together to promote the Durban meeting to achieve positive results," said ***.
China's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period to reduce emissions of more than 1.46 billion tons of carbon dioxide by Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 22 (Reporter Luo Sha, Chen Rongrong) China's Policy and Action to Combat Climate Change issued by the State Council Information Office on the 22nd )â€*** said that China has completed the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†proposed energy-saving goals. In 2010, the energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 19.1% compared to 2005, achieving energy savings of 630 million tons of standard coal, which is equivalent to less emissions. More than 1.46 billion tons of carbon dioxide.
*** shows that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China’s 6.6% annual growth in energy consumption has supported an average annual growth rate of 11.2% in the national economy, and the energy consumption elasticity coefficient has been changed from the period of the “Tenth Five-year Plan†(2001-2005). 1.04 dropped to 0.59, which eased the contradiction between energy supply and demand.
*** said that China has established a statistical monitoring and evaluation system by decomposing and fulfilling its responsibility for energy saving targets, and regularly evaluates the completion of energy conservation goals and the implementation of energy conservation measures for 31 provincial governments and 1,000 key enterprises across the country. In 2010, 18 key areas across the country launched special inspections of energy conservation and emission reductions, conducted stringent target responsibility assessments and accountability, and promoted the realization of national energy conservation goals.
At the same time, China has implemented ten key energy-saving projects such as industrial boiler (kiln) reform, cogeneration, energy saving of motor systems, and utilization of waste heat and pressure, and launched energy conservation actions for 1,000 enterprises, strengthened energy-saving management of key energy-consuming enterprises, and promoted energy audits and energy efficiency. Marking activities. Carried out special campaigns for the low-carbon transportation of thousands of enterprises in “cars, boats, roads and ports†and vigorously developed urban public transportation. We will increase the implementation rate of mandatory energy-saving standards for newly-built buildings, speed up energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, promote the application of renewable energy in buildings, and carry out energy-saving reforms for government offices and office buildings.
*** pointed out that as of the end of 2010, the proportion of mandatory standards for implementing energy conservation in the new construction design phase of urban construction in China was 99.5%, and the proportion of mandatory standards for energy conservation in the construction phase was 95.4%. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, a total of 4.857 billion square meters of energy-saving building area was built, and a total of 46 million tons of standard coal was formed. Launched energy-saving actions in the retail industry, restricted production, sales, use of plastic shopping bags, and suppressed over-packaging of goods.
*** stated that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China issued three batches of 115 national key energy-saving technology promotion catalogues, and seven key energy-saving technologies were promoted in steel, building materials, and chemical industries. Implement energy-saving products to benefit people's projects, carry out demonstration and promotion of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and establish a preferential procurement system for energy-saving products. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, a large number of high-efficiency energy-saving technologies such as pure low-temperature waste heat power generation, new cathode aluminum electrolytic tanks, high-voltage frequency conversion, rare earth permanent magnet motors, and plasma-free oil-fired ignition have been widely used, and the market share of high-efficiency lighting products reached 67%. The market share of high-efficiency energy-saving air conditioners reaches 70%.
*** said that China has carried out the construction of a national "urban minerals" demonstration base and actively promoted the comprehensive utilization of bulk industrial solid waste. During the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, comprehensive utilization of fly ash was about 1 billion tons and coal gangue was about 1.1 billion tons. Smelting slag is about 500 million tons. Arrangements for central investment support the construction of remanufacturing industrialization projects. By the end of 2010, China had formed a remanufacturing capacity of 250,000 sets (sets) of automobile engines, transmissions, steering gears, and generators.
China actively uses market mechanisms such as contract energy management, power demand side management, and voluntary energy conservation agreements to promote energy conservation. Improve the design standards of energy-saving projects for residential buildings in the three different climatic regions of severe cold and cold, hot summer and cold winter, hot summer and warm winter, and energy-saving design standards for public buildings, and construction quality acceptance criteria for building energy-saving projects.
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