The future development of bioenergy

I. Bioenergy 1. Forest energy Forest energy is biomass energy provided by forest growth and forestry production processes, mainly fuelwood, and also some residues of the forest industry. Forest energy plays an important role in China's rural energy. Before and after 1980, the country's rural consumption of forest energy consumed about 100 million tons of standard coal, accounting for more than 30% of the total rural energy consumption.

2. Crop energy Straw is a by-product of agricultural production and is also a traditional fuel in rural China. Straw resources and agriculture are mainly closely related to crop production. According to the 1995 statistical data, China's annual output of crop straw is 604 million tons, of which the return of fertilizer to the field and its collection accounts for about 15%, and the remaining 513.4 million tons.

3. Livestock Manure Livestock manure is also an important source of biomass energy. In addition to a small amount of direct combustion in pastoral areas, livestock manure is mainly used as a raw material for biogas fermentation. The main livestock in China are chickens, pigs and cattle. Based on these livestock species, body weight, excretion of feces and other factors, the amount of faecal resources can be estimated.

4. Domestic Garbage With the expansion of urban scale and the acceleration of urbanization, the amount of urban waste generated in China and its accumulation have increased year by year. In 1991 and 1995, the amount of industrial solid waste generated nationwide was 588 million tons and 645 million tons, respectively, and the amount of domestic waste in urban areas increased at a rate of about 10% per year. In 1995, the total number of cities in China reached 640, and the volume of garbage removed was 10.75 million tons.

II. Future Prospects for Bioenergy 1. Renewable energy solutions to energy shortages 2. Widespread development and depth 3. Facilitating a deeper level of human contact with nature, beneficial to human scientific development 4. High efficiency and long-term success Sexual development of “green energy” has become an important means for the industrialized countries in the world to open source and reduce expenditure, harm the environment, and protect the environment. At least 14 industrialized countries have achieved good results in the development of “green energy”. Some of them have, through implementation of the “green energy” policy, have eased the contradiction of insufficient energy in their own countries and have significantly improved the environment. China has abundant biomass energy resources, and China's theoretical biomass energy resources are about 5 billion tons. The resources available for exploitation at this stage are mainly biomass wastes, including crop stalks, fuel wood, livestock manure, industrial organic waste, and municipal solid organic waste. However, due to the complex status of biomass resources in agriculture, forestry, industry and life, lack of relevant statistical data and data, and various types of biomass energy resources affecting each other in various complicated ways, the consumption of biomass Quantity is the hardest to determine or estimate. In recent years, China has made significant progress in the field of biomass energy utilization, especially biogas technology. The annual production of energy has reached 1.15 million tons of oil equivalent, accounting for 0.24% of the rural energy; the energy saved by the fuel-efficient stove every year Up to 525,000 tons of oil equivalent. The government and related departments in China have attached great importance to the use of biomass energy. They have continuously listed the research and application of biomass energy utilization technologies as key scientific and technological projects in four national five-year plans, and conducted research on biomass energy utilization technologies. Developments such as household biogas digesters, firewood stoves, firewood forests, large and medium-sized biogas projects, biomass briquetting, gasification and gasification power generation, biomass liquid fuels, etc. have achieved many excellent results.

Three books on bio-energy introduced several books for everyone on oils and fats, such as Bray's "oil chemistry and technology" such as "Handbook of Solvents" of Chemical Industry Press, edited by Cheng Nenglin, and Tianjin Institute of Chemical Industry, etc. Industrial Handbook, Chemical Industry Press. For the study of solid catalysts, "The principle of synthesis of fine chemical products", China Petrochemical Press. For esterification, exchange process discussed in more detail. Chen Jie is chief editor of "Oil Chemistry" and Chemical Industry Press "Biodiesel - Green Energy."