Abstract Since the "One Belt, One Road" strategy put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping in 2013, the imbalance of global economic development has gradually emerged, and the world pattern has changed. The United States has withdrawn from the TPP Agreement (the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement) and turned to China...
Since the introduction of the “One Belt, One Road†strategy by General Secretary Xi Jinping in 2013, the global economic development imbalance has gradually emerged, the world pattern has changed, the United States has withdrawn from the TPP Agreement (the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement), and instead sent the “Belt and Road†to the United States. The delegation, by this, has blocked the "island chain" break of the Chinese economy. With the construction of “One Belt and One Roadâ€, the results have been fruitful. The “One Belt, One Road†International Cooperation Summit Forum held in Beijing in May 2017, the results list covers five categories: policy communication, facility connectivity, trade smooth, capital finance, and people's hearts. A total of 76 major projects and more than 270 specific results.
Under the guidance of the “Five Links†target (policy communication, facility connectivity, trade smoothness, capital finance, and people's hearts), the company aims to achieve an orderly and free flow of economic factors, efficient resource allocation and deep market integration. Promote the formation of regional cooperation in the “Belt and Roadâ€. At present, the “One Belt, One Road†strategy is an important direction for China to implement its go-out, and it is also an opportunity for development to promote industrial transformation and upgrading.
From the implementation situation, the “One Belt, One Road†strategy has been deeply embedded in the national opening up strategy. The “Belt and Road†strategy is the beginning of China’s full integration into the global economy and its role as the mainstay of the global economy. The "Five Links" advocated by the "One Belt, One Road" strategy has gone beyond the scope of free trade agreements and investment, not only trade and investment, but also involves civil aviation communications, inspection and quarantine, cultural exchanges, technological innovation, and news cooperation. And other fields.
This has stimulated investment enthusiasm and accelerated investment in “One Belt, One Roadâ€. In 2014-2016, China’s investment in “One Belt, One Road†countries exceeded US$50 billion, and in the next five years, China’s investment in the region is expected to reach US$150 billion. .
At present, the “Belt and Road†strategy is an open development strategy, which is rooted in the domestic industry to a new level. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate manufacturing into the “Belt and Road†construction, which will bring development opportunities for the further development of China's manufacturing industry.
China's manufacturing industry is integrated into the “Belt and Road†construction. The first direction of work is to transfer excess capacity and turn the industrial burden of heavy chemical industry into high-quality overseas capital.
At present, China's industry has completed the industrial development path of technology introduction, digestion and absorption to independent innovation, and has formed the industry's international output capacity. At present, I will learn from the overseas investment experience of developed countries such as Japan, strive to re-create "one China" overseas, speed up the distribution of capital-based and labor-intensive industries to the "Belt and Road" region, and transform domestic surplus industrial projects into overseas industries, thereby turning China into China. The industrial reach extends to the world, which in turn helps the domestic industry to transform.
From the perspective of the industry, it has achieved world-class development achievements in many fields such as industrial raw materials, machinery, and construction engineering. These areas are highly saturated in the domestic market. With the construction of the “Belt and Roadâ€, the areas along the “Belt and Road†Has become an important export destination for China's industry to go out. At present, it is necessary to crack the risk of excess capacity in the “Belt and Road†region.
First, the policy risks of investment and construction. The scale of manufacturing projects is large and the construction period is long. It is necessary to pay attention to the political stability and policy coherence of the host countries. In particular, the projects involving and led by state-owned enterprises require the high recognition and policy support of the host government. Because most countries/regions along the “Belt and Road†are deeply involved in the “power field†of big countries, there are multiple contradictions such as leader handover, democratization transformation, and ethnic conflict.
Previously, when some international companies made overseas investments, there were project failures caused by changes in host country policies. For example, South Korean steel company Pohang retired its annual production capacity of 6 million tons in Karnataka, India. Due to frequent changes in local land policies and iron ore mining policies, the project was delayed for eight years.
Second, the management risks of the business links. The multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, multilingual and multi-religious beliefs along the “Belt and Road†pose challenges to the company's ability to operate overseas projects. At this stage, enterprises' investment in investment areas pay more attention to resources, markets, direct costs, tax incentives, etc., and they have insufficient attention to the "soft environment" and lack of experience in dealing with emergencies such as labor relations and religious beliefs.
Third, the environmental risks of the production process. At present, the relevant environmental protection legal system along the “Belt and Road†area is imperfect, and the business environment has yet to be mature. The development environment and industrial level of most countries/regions are lower than the level of China around 2000. Therefore, enterprises should be alert to the high cost risks in the process of gradual improvement of environmental protection policies, and avoid the phenomenon of continuous upgrading of environmental protection facilities in China in recent years, and environmental protection investment encroaching on corporate profits.
Secondly, we must link the "Made in China 2025" and "One Belt, One Road" strategies to promote high-end equipment to go out.
In recent years, China's manufacturing industry has reached a new level, and a number of star fields such as high-speed rail, nuclear power, engineering machinery, and high-end marine engineering have emerged. They have made rapid progress in aerospace and satellite communications, and domestically produced large aircraft have successfully made their first flight. Beidou Satellite The positioning system is being networked globally.
"Made in China 2025" is an important weapon for China to build its international competitiveness. It is a program of action to lead and implement the strategy of manufacturing a strong country, including manufacturing innovation center construction projects, strengthening basic engineering, intelligent manufacturing engineering, green manufacturing engineering and high-end. Equipment innovation project. Through the implementation of five major projects, China's manufacturing industry will be promoted to the forefront of the world, and the development of ten key areas such as information technology, high-grade CNC lathes and advanced rail transit will be promoted.
The implementation of the "Made in China 2025" strategy is promising in the "Belt and Road" region, and will promote international equipment manufacturing cooperation in high-speed railway, aerospace, power equipment, marine engineering and other fields, and strive for export in the "Belt and Road" region. Market and cooperative production opportunities. For example, the “Belt and Road†area urgently needs to be upgraded and upgraded, the level of infrastructure, mineral resources mining technology, and communication technology.
At present, China's equipment enterprises must speed up the search for "One Belt, One Road" cooperation opportunities, provide space for the development of China's growing high-end equipment, thereby accelerating the improvement of China's high-end equipment in the international market, and the promotion of China's manufacturing output from products. Turning to technology output, we will take a new step in the international industrial division of labor.
Third, we must graft China's mature experience to the “Belt and Road†region, and promote the industrial cooperation with the park economy.
The development experience shows that since China's reform and opening up, industrial parks have played a large-scale role in investment, attracting effective channels for capital, technology, talents, and information gathering, and realizing the concentration, scale, and intensification of industrial development. According to statistics, as of March this year, Chinese enterprises have established 56 economic and trade cooperation industrial parks in 20 countries along the “Belt and Roadâ€, with a cumulative investment of more than 18 billion US dollars. At present, we must speed up the construction of the Free Trade Zone in the "Belt and Road" region and establish an overseas economic cooperation park.
From the policy level, we will speed up the construction of the free trade zone with the neighboring countries of the “Belt and Roadâ€, encourage local governments and industrial parks in China to establish pilot projects for peer-to-peer industrial parks, and rely on the park to export China's competitive products and industries.
At the operational level, we will combine China's capital and technological advantages with the urgent development requirements of the “One Belt, One Road†regional government, encourage innovative foreign investment and cooperation, and build overseas economic cooperation parks and domestic demonstration parks.
Therefore, with reference to various development forms such as the construction model of Suzhou Industrial Park, from the development concept, management model, system, mechanism and talent team construction, encourage China's industrial parks to “go global†and rely on the “One Belt, One Road†national industrial parks to carry out project cooperation. . In the end, the industry chain around the value chain, relying on the industry chain to create a form of cooperation in the transnational industrial chain of the park economy.
(The author of this article: Associate Researcher, CCID Think Tank.)
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