South Africa is the first country in Africa to plant GM crops. It has been planting GM maize and cotton since 1998 and planting GM soybeans in 2001. The area of ​​GM crops once was second only to the United States, Argentina, Canada, Australia and other countries. In 2014, it was the ninth largest GM crop planting country in the world. The area of ​​genetically modified crops reached 2.7 million hectares, accounting for 1.5% of the world's total genetically modified crops. Among them, GM corn is the main crop, which reached 2.295 million hectares in 2014. GM soybeans account for about 500,000 hectares in recent years, and GM cotton is less than 100,000 hectares per year.
I. Development of corn and genetically modified corn
From 1999 to 2014, the planting area of ​​GM maize in South Africa has been basically expanding; the penetration rate of GM maize has increased from 28.5% in 2005 to 86.5% in 2014; the area of ​​corn has also developed, and in 2014, it increased by 1.055 million hectares from 2005. .
Second, the development of transgenic yellow corn and transgenic white corn
There are two types of corn in South Africa: yellow corn and white corn. Yellow corn is mainly used as feed, and white corn is mainly used for food. The commercialization of insect-resistant GM white maize in South Africa was only three years later than that of yellow corn. It was first commercialized in 2001, and the herbicide-resistant transgenic white corn and yellow corn were introduced in 2004.
The proportion of genetically modified white corn in South Africa has exceeded 50% in 2006. There has been no food safety issue in the past decade. This shows that genetically modified corn can be safely eaten.
Third, the development of various transgenic traits
(I) Development of all transgenic traits in all maize varieties
The transgenic maize in South Africa has three characters: insect resistance, herbicide resistance, and double resistance (both insect resistance and herbicide resistance), which were first commercialized in 1998, 2004 and 2007 respectively.
Since the first commercialization of insect-resistant GM maize in 1998, it has developed rapidly in the following 10 years and reached its peak in 2009, after which it has been declining due to the rapid development of double-resistant transgenic maize.
Herbicide-tolerant GM corn had developed rapidly since its introduction in 2004, but due to the introduction of double-resistant GM maize only three years later, there has been no major development in herbicide-tolerant GM corn.
The double-resistant GM corn was first introduced in 2007, followed by rapid development, and it has been dominant since 2012. In 2014, the penetration rates of double-resistant, insect-resistant, and herbicide-resistant transgenic maize were 50.2%, 21.6%, and 14.7%, respectively.
(II) Development of various transgenic traits in white corn
Since the first commercialization of insect-resistant transgenic white corn in the following eight years, it has developed rapidly in the following eight years, peaked in 2009, and has been continuously reduced due to the rapid development of double-resistant transgenic white corn. The herbicide-resistant transgenic white corn had developed rapidly after its introduction in 2004, but due to the introduction of the double-resistant transgenic white corn only three years later, there was no major development in the single herbicide-resistant transgenic white corn. The double-resistant transgenic white corn was first introduced in 2007, followed by rapid development and has been dominant since 2012.
(C) Development of various transgenic traits in yellow corn
Since the first commercialization of insect-resistant transgenic yellow corn in 1998, it has developed rapidly over the following 10 years and reached its peak in 2007, after which it was continuously reduced due to the rapid development of the double-resistant transgenic yellow corn. Herbicide-tolerant transgenic yellow corn had developed rapidly after its introduction in 2004, but due to the introduction of double-resistant transgenic yellow corn only three years later, there was no major development in the single herbicide-resistant yellow maize. The double-resistant GM yellow corn was first introduced in 2007 and has since grown rapidly. It has been dominant since 2012. In 2014, the penetration rates of double-resistant, insect-resistant, and herbicide-resistant transgenic white corn were 49.5%, 19.8%, and 20.7%, respectively.
Fourth, the conclusion
The development of genetically modified corn in South Africa seems to summarize the following three points:
First, the rapid spread of GM maize in South Africa has been growing during the 17 years from 1998 to 2014. This shows that GM maize has been welcomed by farmers. The only explanation is that GM corn has been brought to South Africa’s farmers. Real benefits.
Secondly, the popularity of transgenic yellow for maize and edible white corn is very similar. This shows that there is no panic in South Africa and there have been no food safety problems in eating for more than ten years. This practically shows that the safety of genetically modified corn It is safe to eat.
Third, the single insect-resistant, single herbicide-resistant and double-resistance transgenic traits were welcomed by farmers. Whether it is yellow corn or white corn, the double-resistant transgenic traits have been growing at a high speed since the advent of double-antibiotic transgenic traits, and the share of single-resistance trait maize has decreased, making the mono-resistance herbicide-trait GM corn not grow rapidly and quickly occupying the leading position. Double-antibodies are more popular with farmers than single-antibodies, and it is foreseen that monoclonal antibodies will be replaced by double-antibodies.
Based on other statistics, South Africa has been a net exporter of corn from 2007 to 2014. Compared with 1998, the area of ​​corn has decreased by 13.2%, total production has increased by 87.8%, and the yield has increased by 116.4%. This shows that South Africa has promoted the development of the corn industry and solved the food problem by vigorously developing genetically modified corn.
Ultra Plantâ„¢ Grow Light offers One Chip Technology aimed to meet your indoor growing expectation such as improve plants' quality, increase yield, or better the margin, etc., all for helping you realize a higher return on your crops.
Ultra Plantâ„¢ Grow Light is combined our advanced All-In-One technology with patented optical design and customized light full spectrum supported from our experienced LED engineers, plant specialists and other partners working on horticulture.
From Ultra Plantâ„¢ APP, you are able to schedule the growing process including photoperiod, brightness and spectral in advance. The lighting system will help you grow smarter, easier and better.
Ultra Plantâ„¢ is the most versatile horticultural grow lighting fixture for indoor plants with flexible full spectrum, brightness control and uniform, wider light distribution, suitable for top lighting of all types of crops. No matter it applies to anywhere for any crop, Ultra Plantâ„¢ can do perfect work for you.
Grow Light On Flowering,Flowering Grow Lights,Red Light For Flowering,Led Grow Light For Veg And Flower
Feton Corporation , https://www.fetonledlight.com