3.2 Substituting straight line approximation with circular interpolation
In surface machining, CAM generally approximates the generation of part machining programs in a straight line. If it is a symmetrical shape, generally only the surface processing program of the first quadrant is used, and the mirror function of the processing system of the remaining quadrants is solved. The program in the first quadrant is sometimes very long, exceeding the memory of the system. I have encountered a program that exceeds the system memory. If the memory is expanded, it needs to invest 4 to 50,000 yuan, and the utilization rate is low in the future; if the segmentation processing is inefficient. The curve is in the G18 plane, and the arc is used to approximate the contour. The number of blocks is greatly reduced, and there is still memory left. However, the Z axis of the program needs to perform tool length compensation and tool radius compensation. The operator should check whether the system has this function.
3.3 Utilize the simplified programming of the system
The system provides a large number of simplified programming functions, such as fixed cycle, tool compensation, contour direct programming, scaling and mirroring, coordinate rotation, typical shape (circumference, matrix) hole description calculation, regular shape (circular, rectangular) digging Cavity, irregular shape excavation cavity, with island-type digging cavity and other functions. If the CAM is post-processed and the part processing program can be processed according to these functions, the program can be greatly shortened.
For example, surface machining, only a quadrant processing program is programmed, and the remaining quadrants are processed by the mirror function of the system, and the program is 1/4 of the original. In the contour processing of a repeating shape such as a sprocket, a contour of a shape is prepared by CAM, and the rest is rotated by a rotation function, and the program is shortened more. Another example is the cavity cutting process of a rectangular cavity. The multi-tool multi-layer cutting program is long. If it can be processed into a cavity macro command, the entire cavity can be completed in a single program.
3.4 Play the system space tool radius compensation function
For curved surfaces, CAM generally generates a machining program for the linear motion of the core. For the surface machining, a ball-end knife is generally used. If the tool is to be changed, the program must be changed, which causes inconvenience to the processing. If the system has a spatial 3D tool radius compensation function, the CAM can generate a program by surface and generate a tool core vector at the same time. The actual tool core position is calculated by the system according to the tool core vector. In this way, the tool radius can be adjusted within a certain range, which brings convenience to processing.
3.5 Using the user macro function of the system to shorten the processing program of non-circular curve contour, space curve and even surface
Taking a non-circular curve outline as an example, CAM generally generates a straight line approximation program. In processing, if you want to change the step size, you need to reprogram and the program is long (hundreds of thousands of programs). The test of the correctness of the program can only be done by graphic display or actual cutting, and the change is very inconvenient.
If the CAM can generate the system macro program according to the system macro program format, the processing program is automatically generated by the system. The author encountered an example: the contour consists of a two-segment cycloid and an envelope. First, the program is programmed with CAM. It is a straight line and an arc and is very long. The machining program is about a thousand segments. After the macro program is changed, the macro program is only a few dozen segments, and it is very convenient to adjust and modify. After comparison, the operator selected the program edited by the macro program. Moreover, when the product has several specifications and an assignment program, you only need to enter a few key sizes to change the input value of the size. Macro programs are generic and popular with operators.
3.6 Simplify programming with subroutine functions
The subroutine processing program is programmed with CAM, and the main program and subroutine calling functions are programmed by the numerical control system. There is a large amount of numerical calculation work in the subroutine, which is done by CAM. The main program multi-call instruction is manually programmed, so the program is flexible and the programming workload is not large.
4 Conclusion
In summary, the programming functions of the numerical control system have basic instructions, such as contour and arc instructions, simplified instructions, fixed cycles, tool compensation functions, scaling and mirroring, coordinate rotation functions, macro commands, etc. User macro function. CAM generally prepares part processing programs according to basic instructions, and some use simplified instructions, such as fixed loops, to fully utilize the functions of the numerical control system. If the user can optimize the part processing program compiled by CAM and combine the advanced functions of the CNC system with CAM, an excellent machining program can be programmed.
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