1. Where are the pests in the dormant period of fruit trees?
After the winter fruit trees enter the dormant period, the pests and pathogens also stop harming into the wintering state, but they do not leave the fruit trees and orchards. They use the larvae, pupa, pupa and eggs in the rough skin of dead branches, fallen leaves, diseased buds, soil and trunks. Over the winter in the crack. Trunk rot disease enters the peak period.
The pests that overwinter on the leaves are: brown spot, round spot, gray spot, round spot, spotted leaf disease and other pathogens; golden moths and stalk moths, yellow spotted winged moths and other adults.
The wintering pests of the shoots include: powdery mildew (bud), rot disease, ulcer disease, etc.; top leaf moth, apple ball scorpion, apple xiaoji worm, spirea and sputum and apple whole scorpion eggs.
The warty and rough skin wintering pests include: ringworm, etc.; hawthorn leafhopper, two-spotted spider mite, apple aphid, apple leaf roller moth, pear small heartworm, pear star caterpillar and the like.
The wintering pests in the canopy soil are: peach small heartworm, jujube scorpion, apple aphid, black star worm, pear scorpion, boat-shaped caterpillar and so on.
2. What do you do in the apple garden in early spring?
1) Timely and thorough eradication of rot disease spots Early spring season is the peak period of apple tree rot disease, timely and thoroughly scrape the rot disease spots, completely scrape the lesions and timely disinfection, is the most effective Prevention. Any direct application of the drug without scraping or cutting the lesion is unscientific. The smear agent can be used as a 21% rejuvenating agent 0-5 times solution, or 843 rehabilitative agent stock solution, or rotification 5 times solution, or stone sulphur mixture Baume 10 degrees plus 2% flat plus.
2) Clean orchard: It has the effect of “killing one and killing thousandsâ€, which is the basis of comprehensive prevention and control work throughout the year, including cleaning the orchard, cutting off pests and diseases, shaving tree trays, scraping the skin, and diseased tumors:
Sweeping leaves: Leaves are one of the main wintering parts of many pests. Thoroughly sweeping leaves, burying or directly manureing, eliminating the pests that overwinter on the leaves can greatly reduce the number of pests in the leap year.
Combined with pruning, cut off the pests and branches: reasonable pruning, can adjust the tree load, ventilation and light transmission conditions, promote the healthy growth of fruit trees, improve their ability to resist pests and diseases. At the same time, combined with pruning, the pests and the like that are overwintering on the branches are cut off, and the pruned pests are burned and destroyed to eliminate the overwintering pests on them. ,
Deep planing tree plate: There are many wintering pests and stagnation in the soil under the canopy. Deeply planing the tree plate can directly kill some of the peaches, the worms, the black worms, the pears, the pears, and the pears. Caterpillars, boat-shaped caterpillars, hawthorn red spiders, etc.: At the same time, some pests can be exposed to the soil surface by flipping. This part of the pests are not eaten by birds or frozen in the cold winter.
Scraping the skin, rough skin, diseased tumor: the skin on the trunk, the rough skin is the main wintering place for pests and diseases. The scraping of the skin and the rough skin can eliminate most of the above-mentioned pests. The ring-shaped pathogen forms a rough skin, a diseased tumor on the damaged branch, and overwinters on it, scraping the rough skin and diseased tumor of the ring disease, which has a good effect on reducing the source of infection in the coming year.
Protecting wounds, sealing saws and cuts The wounds left in the trees in winter are the path of invasion of apple rot and silver leaf disease, and also the wintering place of some pests. It can be blended with varnish or tung oil with appropriate amount of lard to protect the wound and prevent the invasion of germs. In the early spring, the saw cuts are closed with 80% dichlorvos or 40% acesulfame 100 times, and the pests such as the apple leaf curler, which is overwintering in the winter, are eliminated.
3) Spraying squeegee Before the germination of apples in mid-March, the whole tree sprayed 50% sulfur suspending agent 150 times liquid or 21% rejuvenating water agent 600 times liquid, which has a good preventive effect on apple rot disease and can eradicate the previous year. It infects the pathogens that have not been fully expanded on the falling cortex, and has a killing effect on the wintering rhizoctonia on the branches.
4) Artificially tying plastic film Jujube ruler has become one of the important pests on apples in addition to harming jujube trees. Before the emergence of the adult worm in early March, a 12-15 cm wide plastic film strip is attached to the trunk to prevent the female worms (wingless) from laying on the tree.
3. The dormant period of fruit trees is the best period for pest control
Overwintering fruit tree pests and pathogens in fruit trees and orchards are the source of pests and diseases in the coming year. The fruit trees in the dormant period have strong resistance to chemicals, and can be controlled by high-concentration chemicals. At this time, there are no leaves on the fruit trees, which is convenient for application and spraying of pesticides. At the same time, fruit tree pests and pathogens have not yet emerged and propagated, and it is easy to take effective measures for prevention and control. According to statistics, a female larvae of the genus Hawthorn has completed 4-5 generations of reproduction from March to June, which can directly and indirectly cause 43,000 heads of pests. Therefore, in the early spring, the prevention and control of fruit trees and pests in the Qingyuan is simple and easy, which can minimize the number of pests and pathogens, reduce the degree of pests and diseases, significantly reduce the amount of pesticides used and the number of prevention and control, and achieve twice the result with half the effort.
4. Disease prevention and control techniques for fruit trees during dormancy
1) Reasonable choice of pesticides Currently, there are many types of pest control in the dormant period of fruit trees. The names of the products are very strange, and the concentration of use is expanded at will, and the effect is untrue. Be more consulted and carefully selected before use.
Concentration of commonly used medicaments during the Qingyuan period
Category, control object, concentration
21% rejuvenating agent, bacteria, mites, 400-600 times
45% crystal stone sulphur mixture pathogen 螨 30---60 times
70% polysulfide 钡 wettable powder 螨 worm 70----100 times
50% sulphur suspension, bacterium, worm, 200---300 times
Homemade stone sulphur mixture, bacteria, mites, 4-5, Bomei
85-90% motor oil bacteria 螨 100-150 times
30% sodium rosinate pathogen 蚧 300 times
40% shundling 螨 worm Pear 虱 1000 times
30% acephate 螨 梨 虱 虱 1000 times
Note: Frucene arsenic, sodium pentachlorophenolate, 1605, methyl 1605, methamidophos are prohibited for use on fruit trees.
2) Use pesticides in a targeted manner. According to the occurrence of pests and diseases in the orchard, the pesticides should be selected. Apple orchard rot, branching ring disease, "rough skin" disease occurs in orchards, using 21% resurrection; scales occur in serious orchards, use 85-90% motor oil, 40% shundal, 30% rosin Sodium, 30% acephate, etc.; 85-90% motor oil, 40% cisplatin or 1.8% avermectin should be used in the orchard where the pear mites occur severely; if it is generally clear, 45% crystal feldspar can be used. Sulfur, self-made stone sulphur, 50% sulfur suspension, 85-90% motor oil, etc.
3) Reasonable selection of concentration. The dormant period of fruit trees is more resistant to phytotoxicity and pests and diseases. Therefore, the lower limit of the concentration of pesticides to be used is the minimum multiple. For example, a homemade stone sulphur mixture can be used in 5 waves.
4) Uniform and thoughtful spraying Early spring season pests and pathogens overwinter larvae, mites, mites and eggs in the rough skins and cracks of dead branches, fallen leaves, diseased buds, soil and trunks. The branches and leaves have not yet grown, and it is not easy to take medicine. Therefore, it is necessary to use a spray head or a multi-nozzle, and try not to use the spray gun; the spray, the main branch and the trunk are appropriately re-sprayed.
5. Recommended prescription for Qingyuan in the dormant period of fruit trees
Indications for scale insects, pear mites, and treatment of overwintering diseases and insects
21% rejuvenation (or 50% sulfur suspending agent) 600 times +40% cistalin (or 30% acephate) 1000 times
21% rejuvenation (or 80% standard dry suspension) 600 times +5% hit 2000 times
90% motor oil 150 times + 40% cistalin (or 30% acephate) 1000 times
90% oil 150 times +35% Sai Dan (or 40% chlorpyrifos) 1000 times
Indications of rot, branch ring disease, rough skin disease
21% rejuvenating water agent 5 times liquid smear, can be cured after the disease is removed or 3-5 times with a knife.
21% rejuvenating agent 400 times + shundaling (or general insecticidal acaricide) 1000 times spray
Control disease, promote growth, strong, and preserve fruit;
21% rejuvenating water agent 600-800 times + Kang Dazhuang (rare earth Yizhisu) 400 times or 40% Moss 600 times or the right amount of urea
General clearing gardens, stone sulphur mixture, sulfur suspension agent, etc. can be used.
After the winter fruit trees enter the dormant period, the pests and pathogens also stop harming into the wintering state, but they do not leave the fruit trees and orchards. They use the larvae, pupa, pupa and eggs in the rough skin of dead branches, fallen leaves, diseased buds, soil and trunks. Over the winter in the crack. Trunk rot disease enters the peak period.
The pests that overwinter on the leaves are: brown spot, round spot, gray spot, round spot, spotted leaf disease and other pathogens; golden moths and stalk moths, yellow spotted winged moths and other adults.
The wintering pests of the shoots include: powdery mildew (bud), rot disease, ulcer disease, etc.; top leaf moth, apple ball scorpion, apple xiaoji worm, spirea and sputum and apple whole scorpion eggs.
The warty and rough skin wintering pests include: ringworm, etc.; hawthorn leafhopper, two-spotted spider mite, apple aphid, apple leaf roller moth, pear small heartworm, pear star caterpillar and the like.
The wintering pests in the canopy soil are: peach small heartworm, jujube scorpion, apple aphid, black star worm, pear scorpion, boat-shaped caterpillar and so on.
2. What do you do in the apple garden in early spring?
1) Timely and thorough eradication of rot disease spots Early spring season is the peak period of apple tree rot disease, timely and thoroughly scrape the rot disease spots, completely scrape the lesions and timely disinfection, is the most effective Prevention. Any direct application of the drug without scraping or cutting the lesion is unscientific. The smear agent can be used as a 21% rejuvenating agent 0-5 times solution, or 843 rehabilitative agent stock solution, or rotification 5 times solution, or stone sulphur mixture Baume 10 degrees plus 2% flat plus.
2) Clean orchard: It has the effect of “killing one and killing thousandsâ€, which is the basis of comprehensive prevention and control work throughout the year, including cleaning the orchard, cutting off pests and diseases, shaving tree trays, scraping the skin, and diseased tumors:
Sweeping leaves: Leaves are one of the main wintering parts of many pests. Thoroughly sweeping leaves, burying or directly manureing, eliminating the pests that overwinter on the leaves can greatly reduce the number of pests in the leap year.
Combined with pruning, cut off the pests and branches: reasonable pruning, can adjust the tree load, ventilation and light transmission conditions, promote the healthy growth of fruit trees, improve their ability to resist pests and diseases. At the same time, combined with pruning, the pests and the like that are overwintering on the branches are cut off, and the pruned pests are burned and destroyed to eliminate the overwintering pests on them. ,
Deep planing tree plate: There are many wintering pests and stagnation in the soil under the canopy. Deeply planing the tree plate can directly kill some of the peaches, the worms, the black worms, the pears, the pears, and the pears. Caterpillars, boat-shaped caterpillars, hawthorn red spiders, etc.: At the same time, some pests can be exposed to the soil surface by flipping. This part of the pests are not eaten by birds or frozen in the cold winter.
Scraping the skin, rough skin, diseased tumor: the skin on the trunk, the rough skin is the main wintering place for pests and diseases. The scraping of the skin and the rough skin can eliminate most of the above-mentioned pests. The ring-shaped pathogen forms a rough skin, a diseased tumor on the damaged branch, and overwinters on it, scraping the rough skin and diseased tumor of the ring disease, which has a good effect on reducing the source of infection in the coming year.
Protecting wounds, sealing saws and cuts The wounds left in the trees in winter are the path of invasion of apple rot and silver leaf disease, and also the wintering place of some pests. It can be blended with varnish or tung oil with appropriate amount of lard to protect the wound and prevent the invasion of germs. In the early spring, the saw cuts are closed with 80% dichlorvos or 40% acesulfame 100 times, and the pests such as the apple leaf curler, which is overwintering in the winter, are eliminated.
3) Spraying squeegee Before the germination of apples in mid-March, the whole tree sprayed 50% sulfur suspending agent 150 times liquid or 21% rejuvenating water agent 600 times liquid, which has a good preventive effect on apple rot disease and can eradicate the previous year. It infects the pathogens that have not been fully expanded on the falling cortex, and has a killing effect on the wintering rhizoctonia on the branches.
4) Artificially tying plastic film Jujube ruler has become one of the important pests on apples in addition to harming jujube trees. Before the emergence of the adult worm in early March, a 12-15 cm wide plastic film strip is attached to the trunk to prevent the female worms (wingless) from laying on the tree.
3. The dormant period of fruit trees is the best period for pest control
Overwintering fruit tree pests and pathogens in fruit trees and orchards are the source of pests and diseases in the coming year. The fruit trees in the dormant period have strong resistance to chemicals, and can be controlled by high-concentration chemicals. At this time, there are no leaves on the fruit trees, which is convenient for application and spraying of pesticides. At the same time, fruit tree pests and pathogens have not yet emerged and propagated, and it is easy to take effective measures for prevention and control. According to statistics, a female larvae of the genus Hawthorn has completed 4-5 generations of reproduction from March to June, which can directly and indirectly cause 43,000 heads of pests. Therefore, in the early spring, the prevention and control of fruit trees and pests in the Qingyuan is simple and easy, which can minimize the number of pests and pathogens, reduce the degree of pests and diseases, significantly reduce the amount of pesticides used and the number of prevention and control, and achieve twice the result with half the effort.
4. Disease prevention and control techniques for fruit trees during dormancy
1) Reasonable choice of pesticides Currently, there are many types of pest control in the dormant period of fruit trees. The names of the products are very strange, and the concentration of use is expanded at will, and the effect is untrue. Be more consulted and carefully selected before use.
Concentration of commonly used medicaments during the Qingyuan period
Category, control object, concentration
21% rejuvenating agent, bacteria, mites, 400-600 times
45% crystal stone sulphur mixture pathogen 螨 30---60 times
70% polysulfide 钡 wettable powder 螨 worm 70----100 times
50% sulphur suspension, bacterium, worm, 200---300 times
Homemade stone sulphur mixture, bacteria, mites, 4-5, Bomei
85-90% motor oil bacteria 螨 100-150 times
30% sodium rosinate pathogen 蚧 300 times
40% shundling 螨 worm Pear 虱 1000 times
30% acephate 螨 梨 虱 虱 1000 times
Note: Frucene arsenic, sodium pentachlorophenolate, 1605, methyl 1605, methamidophos are prohibited for use on fruit trees.
2) Use pesticides in a targeted manner. According to the occurrence of pests and diseases in the orchard, the pesticides should be selected. Apple orchard rot, branching ring disease, "rough skin" disease occurs in orchards, using 21% resurrection; scales occur in serious orchards, use 85-90% motor oil, 40% shundal, 30% rosin Sodium, 30% acephate, etc.; 85-90% motor oil, 40% cisplatin or 1.8% avermectin should be used in the orchard where the pear mites occur severely; if it is generally clear, 45% crystal feldspar can be used. Sulfur, self-made stone sulphur, 50% sulfur suspension, 85-90% motor oil, etc.
3) Reasonable selection of concentration. The dormant period of fruit trees is more resistant to phytotoxicity and pests and diseases. Therefore, the lower limit of the concentration of pesticides to be used is the minimum multiple. For example, a homemade stone sulphur mixture can be used in 5 waves.
4) Uniform and thoughtful spraying Early spring season pests and pathogens overwinter larvae, mites, mites and eggs in the rough skins and cracks of dead branches, fallen leaves, diseased buds, soil and trunks. The branches and leaves have not yet grown, and it is not easy to take medicine. Therefore, it is necessary to use a spray head or a multi-nozzle, and try not to use the spray gun; the spray, the main branch and the trunk are appropriately re-sprayed.
5. Recommended prescription for Qingyuan in the dormant period of fruit trees
Indications for scale insects, pear mites, and treatment of overwintering diseases and insects
21% rejuvenation (or 50% sulfur suspending agent) 600 times +40% cistalin (or 30% acephate) 1000 times
21% rejuvenation (or 80% standard dry suspension) 600 times +5% hit 2000 times
90% motor oil 150 times + 40% cistalin (or 30% acephate) 1000 times
90% oil 150 times +35% Sai Dan (or 40% chlorpyrifos) 1000 times
Indications of rot, branch ring disease, rough skin disease
21% rejuvenating water agent 5 times liquid smear, can be cured after the disease is removed or 3-5 times with a knife.
21% rejuvenating agent 400 times + shundaling (or general insecticidal acaricide) 1000 times spray
Control disease, promote growth, strong, and preserve fruit;
21% rejuvenating water agent 600-800 times + Kang Dazhuang (rare earth Yizhisu) 400 times or 40% Moss 600 times or the right amount of urea
General clearing gardens, stone sulphur mixture, sulfur suspension agent, etc. can be used.
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