With the deepening of the impact of the financial crisis and the shrinking of international trade, China’s foreign trade exports have shown a severe situation of double-digit negative growth this year. The industry believes that under the background of the international financial crisis affecting domesticization and the internationalization of China's economic operation, it is necessary to rely on the government to increase investment to stimulate economic growth, but if there is no market-driven private investment and enterprise exports to continue, consumption The intensity of expansion and government investment is unlikely to continue to increase. In this special period, we must emphasize the fundamental role of the market mechanism, increase the stimulus to promote the rebound of exports, and focus on promoting the transformation of economic growth into a combination of investment, consumption, and export.
The export situation is still grim
International finance and international trade are mutually exclusive. Under the influence of various factors, China's import and export in the first quarter of this year fell by 24.9% year-on-year, of which exports fell by 19.7%, and the proportion of net exports to GDP fell to 13%. The pulling effect of China's GDP has been significantly weakened. At the same time, the total import and export of mechanical and electrical products in the first four months of this year was 328.5 billion US dollars, down 24.2% year-on-year, accounting for 54.8% of the country's foreign trade import and export; exports reached 98.1 billion US dollars, down 21.2% year-on-year, accounting for 58.7% of the country's foreign trade exports. %, although the decline in the export of mechanical and electrical products in foreign trade exports is large, it is still the "mainstay" of China's foreign trade exports.
As we all know, mechanical and electrical products have always been the most thorough field of China's reform and opening up, and also the industry with the fastest improvement in international competitiveness. In response to the crisis, China's foreign trade has always been an important force to get rid of negative growth and promote the early recovery of foreign trade. The revitalization and adjustment plan has pointed out the direction for boosting the export market of electromechanical products, but on the whole, under the influence of many unfavorable factors, it will take time for China's export rebound. To this end, the relevant government departments and enterprises should take the market mechanism as the leading factor and take more solid development measures on the basis of the analysis and research in the whip-in, to promote the export of mechanical and electrical products into the track of steady and rapid development as soon as possible.
Advocating quality to get out of trouble
"There is no invincibility in the accumulation of power." The more the export market is in a bad environment, the more imbalance between supply and demand, the more important it is to attach importance to the quality of export products. No matter what kind of international economic environment, China's foreign trade growth must adhere to the basic bottom line of export product quality and safety assurance, and regard the quality and safety assurance of export products as a long-term move for China's foreign trade recovery.
The same price and quality are the most basic trading principles in the international market. Under the imbalance of supply and demand caused by the crisis, the quality of export products is too much to sell. The deviation between quality and market demand and price distortion, low quality and low price are also not conducive. Realize export growth expectations. Safety, reliability and stability are the inherent requirements of the function of export products under the market mechanism, and also the most basic requirements under different market conditions and different customers for different products and different product quality structures. China is already the world's second largest exporter. From the high perspective of ensuring the quality and safety of export products, we are dedicated to highlighting the serious attitude and responsibility of a major trading nation to the international community and customers around the world. To this end, the relevant competent authorities and export enterprises should re-examine the quality value, quality awareness, quality concept and quality basis of China's export commodities, and truly regard the quality of export products as a product of the feelings of international users, fully embodying the quality of the products. Trade, Chongcheng integrity to protect the production capacity, competitiveness and international market share of export enterprises.
At the same time, we must vigorously implement the internationalization strategy of domestic quality standards. International technical standards are the basic quality factors that promote the rapid growth of China's electromechanical products exports. The international standard adoption rate is closely related to the optimization of the export structure of electromechanical products and the improvement of international competitiveness. Among the factors that steadily increase the import and export of mechanical and electrical products, the expectation of relying on the recovery of the European and American markets is extremely critical, and the behavior of developed economies as their trade standards for international standards is increasing. In this regard, we should vigorously promote the international standardization and nationalization of quality standards for domestic standards, and force export enterprises with high energy consumption, high pollution, backward production capacity and excess capacity to use the quality standards as the link to optimize the structure.
Use the cost strategy to protect the market
The problem of the international financial crisis leading to the decline in demand levels and the imbalance between supply and demand is a normalized economic performance. However, the fundamentals of international market demand still exist. Even low-level demand will be a diversified and abundant effective actual demand. The basic construction needs of the recovery are still abundant. Under such conditions, the cost and price of export products will be an important economic lever to protect the export market share under the crisis.
First, use the full program export cost pre-control strategy to maintain export market share. Mechanical and electrical products export enterprises should continue to maintain the advantages of low-cost exports, and strive to take the lead out of the predicament, must adopt a full-scale export cost pre-control strategy, adopt the concept of minimization, differentiation and intensification of operating costs, and achieve centralized procurement by similar export enterprises. The implementation of the Group's internal enterprise centralized procurement and external joint procurement model, to standardize procurement, small orders for large orders, to obtain price advantages, reduce procurement costs. At the same time, we must try our best to keep the adjustment of the output structure intensively and reduce the cost of management, the integration of output chains, the efficient use of resources and energy, the elimination of finished products, and the zero-emission and recycling. And expand the international market share enough to get out of trouble.
Secondly, the cost strategy is used to increase the added value of export products. The value-added rate is a comprehensive indicator for measuring the efficiency of input and output of an economy. China's electromechanical products manufacturing industry is about 0.4, which is lower than the US-Japan-German mechanical and electrical products exporting power of 0.55~0.60. From the middle input contribution coefficient of the industrial value chain, the ratio of the intermediate input value to the newly added value in the developed economies is about 1:1.2, while China is about 1:0.6. The key to improving the export rate of China's electromechanical products is to optimize the structure of cost and expenditure from the whole value chain and details of export products, and realize the structural adjustment of the value chain of export products from low value-added chain to medium-high value-added chain. The exporters of mechanical and electrical products should use the concept of “endogenous growth†to activate the inherent cost, knowledge, technology, equipment and human intelligence, and adopt a step-by-step, cost-effective strategy to reduce costs and increase efficiency, and strive to increase the value-added value of export enterprises. The input and output capacity of the chain. Therefore, the ability to account for more than 90% of export earnings, such as concept, creativity, design and R&D, core technology components and their modular production, marketing services, etc., will gradually become an export enterprise to retain the traditional export market share and expand new The unique wealth of the export market.
Relying on institutional strength to promote recovery
The system is a scarce resource. Other resources can be exploited by science after they have created better institutional resources with institutional power.
Undoubtedly, the crisis itself is a mandatory structural adjustment, that is, to use the power of the market to eliminate some backward production capacity and backward enterprises. In order to ensure the growth of exports, the elimination of outdated production capacity has been lifted, which is tantamount to drinking and quenching thirst. In view of this, in accordance with the scientific development concept and the general requirements for building socialism with Chinese characteristics, efforts should be made to break through the institutional barriers that restrict the transformation of structural adjustment methods and the optimization and restructuring of industrial structure, and give full play to the market economic system to promote foreign trade recovery and maintain stable foreign trade. The fundamental role of rapid development. In terms of safeguarding exports and expanding domestic demand, safeguarding export enterprises and adjusting structure, protecting employment and protecting laborer's rights and interests, exerting the role of market mechanism and effective government regulation, increasing government investment and stimulating private investment, we must further innovate and rationalize. To establish a fair, efficient and perfect socialist market economic system with the mutual correction and harmonious checks and balances between the government and the market.
In addition, while further improving the market economy system, we should also focus on promoting the innovation of the property rights system. Under the crisis, the adjustment of international electromechanical industry and the optimization and restructuring of domestic electromechanical products export enterprises have become increasingly close. Under this circumstance, the structural adjustment of the export enterprises of electromechanical products should be closely combined with the regulation of enterprise restructuring and the orderly flow of property rights, and promote the property rights system of foreign trade enterprises from “government-led†to “combination of government guidance and market regulationâ€. In accordance with the principle of “breaking regional and ownership restrictions, operating on a standardized basis, facilitating the sharing of export resources, and facilitating the long-term development of foreign tradeâ€, we will build a property rights trading system that is conducive to the recovery of foreign trade and the optimization and restructuring of Chinese and foreign export enterprises. Through the reform of the property rights system and the role of the market mechanism, we will promote the transformation of processing trade enterprises from export-oriented enterprises into truly competitive export-oriented enterprises; promote large-scale national organic power products enterprises to improve their transnational operations and increase production-oriented external adjustment. Intensify, let the domestic market space, develop to global companies, and assume the strategic mission of fostering foreign trade recovery, safeguarding national interests and industrial security. With the power of property rights policy and market mechanism, the ability of Chinese multinational corporations to participate in international wealth distribution and international rights sharing is continuously improved.
(The author is a member of the China International Trade Association)
The export situation is still grim
International finance and international trade are mutually exclusive. Under the influence of various factors, China's import and export in the first quarter of this year fell by 24.9% year-on-year, of which exports fell by 19.7%, and the proportion of net exports to GDP fell to 13%. The pulling effect of China's GDP has been significantly weakened. At the same time, the total import and export of mechanical and electrical products in the first four months of this year was 328.5 billion US dollars, down 24.2% year-on-year, accounting for 54.8% of the country's foreign trade import and export; exports reached 98.1 billion US dollars, down 21.2% year-on-year, accounting for 58.7% of the country's foreign trade exports. %, although the decline in the export of mechanical and electrical products in foreign trade exports is large, it is still the "mainstay" of China's foreign trade exports.
As we all know, mechanical and electrical products have always been the most thorough field of China's reform and opening up, and also the industry with the fastest improvement in international competitiveness. In response to the crisis, China's foreign trade has always been an important force to get rid of negative growth and promote the early recovery of foreign trade. The revitalization and adjustment plan has pointed out the direction for boosting the export market of electromechanical products, but on the whole, under the influence of many unfavorable factors, it will take time for China's export rebound. To this end, the relevant government departments and enterprises should take the market mechanism as the leading factor and take more solid development measures on the basis of the analysis and research in the whip-in, to promote the export of mechanical and electrical products into the track of steady and rapid development as soon as possible.
Advocating quality to get out of trouble
"There is no invincibility in the accumulation of power." The more the export market is in a bad environment, the more imbalance between supply and demand, the more important it is to attach importance to the quality of export products. No matter what kind of international economic environment, China's foreign trade growth must adhere to the basic bottom line of export product quality and safety assurance, and regard the quality and safety assurance of export products as a long-term move for China's foreign trade recovery.
The same price and quality are the most basic trading principles in the international market. Under the imbalance of supply and demand caused by the crisis, the quality of export products is too much to sell. The deviation between quality and market demand and price distortion, low quality and low price are also not conducive. Realize export growth expectations. Safety, reliability and stability are the inherent requirements of the function of export products under the market mechanism, and also the most basic requirements under different market conditions and different customers for different products and different product quality structures. China is already the world's second largest exporter. From the high perspective of ensuring the quality and safety of export products, we are dedicated to highlighting the serious attitude and responsibility of a major trading nation to the international community and customers around the world. To this end, the relevant competent authorities and export enterprises should re-examine the quality value, quality awareness, quality concept and quality basis of China's export commodities, and truly regard the quality of export products as a product of the feelings of international users, fully embodying the quality of the products. Trade, Chongcheng integrity to protect the production capacity, competitiveness and international market share of export enterprises.
At the same time, we must vigorously implement the internationalization strategy of domestic quality standards. International technical standards are the basic quality factors that promote the rapid growth of China's electromechanical products exports. The international standard adoption rate is closely related to the optimization of the export structure of electromechanical products and the improvement of international competitiveness. Among the factors that steadily increase the import and export of mechanical and electrical products, the expectation of relying on the recovery of the European and American markets is extremely critical, and the behavior of developed economies as their trade standards for international standards is increasing. In this regard, we should vigorously promote the international standardization and nationalization of quality standards for domestic standards, and force export enterprises with high energy consumption, high pollution, backward production capacity and excess capacity to use the quality standards as the link to optimize the structure.
Use the cost strategy to protect the market
The problem of the international financial crisis leading to the decline in demand levels and the imbalance between supply and demand is a normalized economic performance. However, the fundamentals of international market demand still exist. Even low-level demand will be a diversified and abundant effective actual demand. The basic construction needs of the recovery are still abundant. Under such conditions, the cost and price of export products will be an important economic lever to protect the export market share under the crisis.
First, use the full program export cost pre-control strategy to maintain export market share. Mechanical and electrical products export enterprises should continue to maintain the advantages of low-cost exports, and strive to take the lead out of the predicament, must adopt a full-scale export cost pre-control strategy, adopt the concept of minimization, differentiation and intensification of operating costs, and achieve centralized procurement by similar export enterprises. The implementation of the Group's internal enterprise centralized procurement and external joint procurement model, to standardize procurement, small orders for large orders, to obtain price advantages, reduce procurement costs. At the same time, we must try our best to keep the adjustment of the output structure intensively and reduce the cost of management, the integration of output chains, the efficient use of resources and energy, the elimination of finished products, and the zero-emission and recycling. And expand the international market share enough to get out of trouble.
Secondly, the cost strategy is used to increase the added value of export products. The value-added rate is a comprehensive indicator for measuring the efficiency of input and output of an economy. China's electromechanical products manufacturing industry is about 0.4, which is lower than the US-Japan-German mechanical and electrical products exporting power of 0.55~0.60. From the middle input contribution coefficient of the industrial value chain, the ratio of the intermediate input value to the newly added value in the developed economies is about 1:1.2, while China is about 1:0.6. The key to improving the export rate of China's electromechanical products is to optimize the structure of cost and expenditure from the whole value chain and details of export products, and realize the structural adjustment of the value chain of export products from low value-added chain to medium-high value-added chain. The exporters of mechanical and electrical products should use the concept of “endogenous growth†to activate the inherent cost, knowledge, technology, equipment and human intelligence, and adopt a step-by-step, cost-effective strategy to reduce costs and increase efficiency, and strive to increase the value-added value of export enterprises. The input and output capacity of the chain. Therefore, the ability to account for more than 90% of export earnings, such as concept, creativity, design and R&D, core technology components and their modular production, marketing services, etc., will gradually become an export enterprise to retain the traditional export market share and expand new The unique wealth of the export market.
Relying on institutional strength to promote recovery
The system is a scarce resource. Other resources can be exploited by science after they have created better institutional resources with institutional power.
Undoubtedly, the crisis itself is a mandatory structural adjustment, that is, to use the power of the market to eliminate some backward production capacity and backward enterprises. In order to ensure the growth of exports, the elimination of outdated production capacity has been lifted, which is tantamount to drinking and quenching thirst. In view of this, in accordance with the scientific development concept and the general requirements for building socialism with Chinese characteristics, efforts should be made to break through the institutional barriers that restrict the transformation of structural adjustment methods and the optimization and restructuring of industrial structure, and give full play to the market economic system to promote foreign trade recovery and maintain stable foreign trade. The fundamental role of rapid development. In terms of safeguarding exports and expanding domestic demand, safeguarding export enterprises and adjusting structure, protecting employment and protecting laborer's rights and interests, exerting the role of market mechanism and effective government regulation, increasing government investment and stimulating private investment, we must further innovate and rationalize. To establish a fair, efficient and perfect socialist market economic system with the mutual correction and harmonious checks and balances between the government and the market.
In addition, while further improving the market economy system, we should also focus on promoting the innovation of the property rights system. Under the crisis, the adjustment of international electromechanical industry and the optimization and restructuring of domestic electromechanical products export enterprises have become increasingly close. Under this circumstance, the structural adjustment of the export enterprises of electromechanical products should be closely combined with the regulation of enterprise restructuring and the orderly flow of property rights, and promote the property rights system of foreign trade enterprises from “government-led†to “combination of government guidance and market regulationâ€. In accordance with the principle of “breaking regional and ownership restrictions, operating on a standardized basis, facilitating the sharing of export resources, and facilitating the long-term development of foreign tradeâ€, we will build a property rights trading system that is conducive to the recovery of foreign trade and the optimization and restructuring of Chinese and foreign export enterprises. Through the reform of the property rights system and the role of the market mechanism, we will promote the transformation of processing trade enterprises from export-oriented enterprises into truly competitive export-oriented enterprises; promote large-scale national organic power products enterprises to improve their transnational operations and increase production-oriented external adjustment. Intensify, let the domestic market space, develop to global companies, and assume the strategic mission of fostering foreign trade recovery, safeguarding national interests and industrial security. With the power of property rights policy and market mechanism, the ability of Chinese multinational corporations to participate in international wealth distribution and international rights sharing is continuously improved.
(The author is a member of the China International Trade Association)
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