Scientists from Fudan University in China invented a lithium battery that can be used at minus 70 degrees Celsius

Chinese scientists have developed lithium batteries that can be used at minus 70 degrees Celsius, and are expected to be used in extremely cold regions of the world and even in outer space.

According to a study published in the latest issue of the American Journal of Energy, Joule, the new battery developed by the team of Xia Yongyao of Fudan University in China uses ethyl acetate, which has a low freezing point and can conduct electricity under extremely low temperatures, as the electrolyte, and uses two batteries. The organic compounds are used as electrodes, which are the PTPAN cathode and the PNTCDA anode, respectively.

Electrolyte is a chemical medium in which ions move between two electrodes, but at low temperature conditions, the electrochemical reaction at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode is difficult to sustain.

The researchers said that unlike the electrodes used in traditional lithium batteries, the organic compounds used in such electrodes do not rely on the "embedded process", that is, they do not need to embed lithium ions in the molecular matrix of the electrode, avoiding slower embedding at low temperatures. .

Xia Yong Yao said: "The ethyl acetate electrolyte and the organic polymer electrode allow the rechargeable battery to operate at a very low temperature of minus 70 degrees Celsius."

Traditional lithium batteries have only 50% of their optimal performance at minus 20 degrees Celsius, and only 12% of the optimal level at minus 40 degrees Celsius. Temperatures in extreme cold regions like Russia and Canada are below minus 50 degrees Celsius; in space, temperatures are even as low as minus 157 degrees Celsius.

Xia Yongyao said that compared with the traditional lithium battery electrode material, the new battery material is adequate, cheap and environmentally friendly, he expects the price of this material is only about one-third of the former.

However, the researchers acknowledged that the main challenge in achieving productization is that the unit's mass-to-energy ratio is not as good as commercial lithium batteries, and the production process needs to be optimized. In spite of this, Xia Yongyao believes that it has significant potential for application. (Reporter Zhou Zhou)

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