At 7:20 on January 5, 2015, a carbon monoxide poisoning accident occurred in Tianzhu County Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Wuwei City, Gansu Province, causing four people to be trapped underground. After the rescue, on January 6 and 7, the four trapped people were rescued twice. After the medical staff on the spot, there were no signs of life.
What is carbon monoxide?
Carbon monoxide (CO), colorless, odorless, odorless gas. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and benzene. Molecular weight 28.01, melting point -205 ° C, boiling point -191.4 ° C, gas density 1.25 g / L, relative density (water = 1) 0.79, relative vapor density (air = 1) 0.97, critical pressure 3.50 MPa, critical temperature -140.2 ° C, The explosion limit is 12% to 74% (volume ratio), the self-ignition temperature is 605 °C, and the maximum explosion pressure is 0.720 MPa.
The main use is for chemical synthesis, such as the synthesis of methanol, phosgene, etc., and as a reducing agent for refined metals.
What are the dangerous characteristics of carbon monoxide?
Special warning: extremely flammable gas, toxic, inhalation can be caused by lack of oxygen.
[Burning and Explosion Hazard] It is extremely flammable. It can form an explosive mixture when mixed with air. It can cause fire and explosion when exposed to open flame and high heat.
[Health hazard] Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin in the blood to cause tissue hypoxia.
Acute poisoning: mild poisoning, severe headache, dizziness, tinnitus, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, weakness, mild to moderate disturbance of consciousness but no coma, blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration can be higher than 10%; moderate poisoning In addition to the above symptoms, the disturbance of consciousness manifests as a mild to moderate coma, but after recovery, there is no obvious complications, blood carboxyhemoglobin concentration can be higher than 30%; severe patients with deep coma or degenerative state, shock, brain Edema, pulmonary edema, severe myocardial damage, cone or extrapyramidal damage, respiratory failure, etc., blood carboxyhemoglobin can be higher than 50%. After some of the patients with conscious disturbances recover, about 2 to 60 days of "false healing", there may be delayed encephalopathy, mainly conscious mental disorder, cone system or extrapyramidal damage.
Chronic effects: Whether it can cause chronic poisoning, whether it has an impact on cardiovascular, is inconclusive.
Occupational exposure limit: PC-TWA (time-weighted average allowable concentration) (mg/m3), 20; PC-STEL (short-time contact allowable concentration) (mg/m3): 30.
What are the special requirements of the state for carbon monoxide environmental operations?
[Operational safety] (1) Equipped with a portable carbon monoxide detector. Before entering a confined space or a space where carbon monoxide may leak, it should be tested and forcedly ventilated. After the concentration meets the safety requirements, the operator should wear a self-priming filter gas mask, requiring two or more people to operate at the same time. In the event of an accident, they can rescue each other in time and send special guardianship. (2) Filling containers should meet the requirements of the specification and be tested on schedule.
[Storage Safety] (1) Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight. The temperature in the warehouse should not exceed 30 °C. (2) It is forbidden to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment. When handling the storage tank, it should be lightly loaded and unloaded to prevent damage to the cylinder and accessories. (3) Pay attention to lightning protection and anti-static. The storage tanks in the factory (workshop) shall be equipped with lightning protection facilities in accordance with the “Code for Lightning Protection of Buildings†(GB 50057).
[Transportation safety] (1) The transportation vehicle should have a dangerous goods transportation sign and a satellite positioning device with a driving record function. Without the approval of the public security organ, the transport vehicle shall not enter the restricted traffic area of ​​the dangerous chemicals transport vehicle. (2) The exhaust pipe of the vehicle carrying the article must be equipped with a fire-stop device, and it is forbidden to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks. Cylinders and containers must be grounded and bridged during transfer to prevent static build-up. There must be more than 2 dry powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers and explosion-proof tools on the tank truck. The hot season should be transported in the morning and evening to prevent sun exposure. (3) When the vehicle transports the cylinder, the bottle mouth shall be toward the right of the vehicle's driving direction, and the stacking height shall not exceed the fence of the vehicle, and it shall be fastened with a triangular wooden mat to prevent rolling. It is not allowed to mix the goods with the nature of the car and let the unrelated people take the car. Keep away from fire and heat sources when you stop. It is forbidden to stay in residential areas and densely populated areas.
What emergency measures should be taken when encountering carbon monoxide?
[First aid measures] Inhalation: Quickly leave the site to fresh air. Keep the airway open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. When the heartbeat stops, artificial respiration and chest compressions are performed immediately. Seek medical attention.
[Fire extinguishing method] Extinguishing agent: water spray, foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder. Cut off the air supply. If the air supply cannot be cut off, it is not allowed to extinguish the flame at the leak. Spray the water to cool the container and move the container from the fire to the open space as much as possible.
[Leakage Emergency Disposal] Eliminate all ignition sources. The warning zone is delineated according to the area affected by the gas, and the unrelated personnel are evacuated from the crosswind and the upwind to the safe zone. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear a self-contained air breathing apparatus and wear an anti-static suit. All equipment used in the work should be grounded. Cut off the source of the leak as much as possible. Spray water inhibits vapor or changes the direction of vapor cloud flow. Prevent gas from diffusing through sewers, ventilation systems, and confined spaces. Isolate the leak area until the gas is exhausted.
Isolation and evacuation distance: small leakage, initial isolation 30m, downwind evacuation 100m during the day, 100m at night; a large number of leaks, initial isolation 150m, downwind evacuation 700m during the day, 2700m at night.
Extension: Safety production accidents caused by carbon monoxide poisoning in recent years
   At 18:30 on August 4, 2014, during the pumping operation at a construction site in Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, construction workers inhaled carbon monoxide poisoning, killing three people and injuring five others.
   At 1:10 on March 14, 2014, 5 employees of Qingzhou Jinniu Hengji Calcium Industry Co., Ltd. in Shandong Province suffered from carbon monoxide poisoning during the operation of environmentally friendly lime kiln. Three people died and two were injured.
   At 15:30 on October 3, 2013, the Yellow Phosphorus Workshop of Hongyanwan Chemical Plant of Baokang Maqiao Hubei Zhizhihe Chemical Co., Ltd. in Fuyang City, Hubei Province occurred during the process of cleaning the phosphate-dissolving tank in the Yellow Phosphorus Exhaust Gas Purification Research Project. A carbon monoxide poisoning accident killed three people.
   At 19:45 on August 25, 2013, in the territory of Etuokeqi, Erdos City, Inner Mongolia, the production workshop of the manganese alloy company of the Ordos Holding Group Company, Xijin Mining and Metallurgy Company suddenly stopped power supply, and the fan stopped running, causing carbon monoxide to inflate, causing 7 deaths. 4 people were injured.
   At 22:40 on July 21, 2013, a carbon monoxide poisoning accident occurred in the alkali-smelting plant of Gansu Jinshi Chemical Co., Ltd. in Zhangye City, Gansu Province, killing 4 people and injuring 10 others.
   At 6 o'clock on July 13, 2013, a resident of Laojie Street, Yaogou Town, Wuwei County, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, used a household diesel generator to generate electricity due to power outages. It was suspected of causing carbon monoxide poisoning, and was rescued by the county hospital. Five people died. .
   At 18:40 on February 27, 2013, Pingliang Qilianshan Cement Co., Ltd. of Gansu Province, when adding steel balls to the raw material grinding machine, caused more carbon monoxide poisoning in the raw materials due to more soot in the raw material grinding. After being rescued by the hospital, 4 people were killed and 3 were injured (no life-threatening).
   At around 15:15 on December 23, 2012, workers in the Xianzhong Construction Equipment Factory in Xianxian County, Hebei Province, suffered a carbon monoxide poisoning accident during the repair of the cupola, killing three people.
   At about 17 o'clock on November 20, 2012, a worker from the Xujiawan Copper Mine of Lueyang Dadi Mining Company, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, privately opened the mine iron gate lock, taking the clothes that he had laid down six months ago, because the roadway contains carbon monoxide. Gas poisoning. Another four workers were poisoned by searching for the trapped person entering the roadway. The accident caused a total of five deaths.
   At 10:30 on November 20, 2012, a carbon monoxide poisoning accident occurred in the synthetic workshop of Ningxia Zhongwei Xingertai Chemical Co., Ltd., killing 4 people and injuring 2 people.
At 19:04 on March 29, 2012, a carbon monoxide poisoning accident occurred in the underground of Yanghe Coal Mine in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, causing 6 deaths and 5 injuries (stable vital signs).
   At around 18:00 on March 1, 2012, a carbon monoxide poisoning accident occurred during the construction of Xiaohegou Hydropower Station in Pingwu County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, killing 3 people and injuring one person.
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