According to a report from the Physical Science Network on May 10 (Beijing time), the U.S. Department of Energy and the United Bioenergy Research Institute and the Berkeley Laboratory have jointly developed an ionic liquid that can be used to pretreat cellulose at room temperature. The difficult problem of high fuel costs has taken a critical step. This new technology not only does not require expensive enzymes, but its ionic liquids are also very easy to recycle.
Carbon dioxide emitted by fossil fuels is added to the atmosphere by 9 billion tons per year. The liquid bio-fuel synthesized from the sugar in cellulose will not increase the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere further, and it can replace gasoline, diesel and aviation fuel produced from petroleum. It is a clean and green renewable energy source, and is also a future energy development and utilization. The important direction. But how to reduce the production costs of these advanced biofuels to the same level as oil prices is a very significant challenge.
In the past, most people used enzymes to obtain fermented sugars from lignocellulose, but they were expensive and required a lot of water resources. Environmental ionic liquids instead of volatile organic solvents are currently the development direction of green chemistry. The ionic liquids that decompose the biomass fuel cellulose show great potential, but the best ionic liquids so far still require the use of expensive enzymes.
Recent studies have shown that acid catalysts can effectively replace the enzymatic hydrolysis. However, it is very difficult to separate sugars and ionic liquids. The researchers used computer molecular dynamics simulations to find that the simultaneous use of an imidazolium chloride salt and an acid catalyst can effectively solve this problem. This latest combination makes it very easy to separate fermented sugars, while ionic liquids can also be recycled, which will greatly reduce the production costs of biofuels.
With this enzyme-free ionic liquid, it is possible to use an acid as a catalyst to hydrolyze biopolysaccharides so that the polysaccharide solution contains fermented sugars. This new technology can divide the pretreatment liquid into two parts, one part is rich in sugar and the other part is recyclable lignin-rich ionic liquid. This new technology uses water compared with the traditional pretreatment method. A lot less.
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