1 Introduction
Vibration cutting is an advanced manufacturing technology developed in the 1960s. It applies a high-frequency vibration to a conventional cutting tool to make intermittent contact between the tool and the workpiece, thus making the traditional cutting mode fundamental. Variety. Since this change solves the problems inherent in the conventional cutting process, such as vibration during cutting and thermal deformation of the cutting, an excellent cutting effect is obtained. So far, although there are some differences in the selection of some parameters in the interpretation of some phenomena of vibration cutting in the world, the process effect is consistently recognized. As a new technology in the machining of precision machining and difficult-to-machine materials, it has penetrated into various processing fields, and various composite processing methods have emerged, which has made the traditional processing technology a leap. Studies have shown that, because it can effectively solve the problems of machining and precision machining of difficult-to-cut materials within a certain range and has a series of characteristics in processing, it has attracted more and more attention and has attracted the attention of countries all over the world. .
2. Ordinary cutting and vibration cutting In ordinary cutting, cutting is done by the relative movement of the tool and the workpiece. The formation of the chips and the machined surface is essentially the process by which the workpiece material is squeezed by the tool to produce elastic and plastic deformation, separating the chips from the parent (see Figure 1). In the ordinary cutting in which the tool never leaves the cutting, the function of the tool includes two aspects: one is the function of the ordinary cutting blade;
figure 1
One is the role of the blade surface forming the blade. Since the blade is in contact with the object to be cut, the local pressure is large, so that the object to be cut is separated. The knives support the cut while cutting, facilitating this separation. In ordinary cutting, along with the formation of chips, due to the pressing and friction between the chips and the tool, large cutting forces will inevitably occur, and the cutting temperature will cause harmful phenomena such as tool wear and cutting vibration. .
Based on this idea, a new cutting method, vibration cutting, has been created in the fight against harmful self-excited vibration phenomena. Vibration cutting is a method of making a special cutting effect by applying a regular, controllable vibration on the cutting tool to periodically change the cutting speed and the amount of the backing knife (see Figure 2). Vibration cutting changes the space and time between the tool and the material to be machined, thus changing the machining (cutting) mechanism to reduce cutting force, cutting heat, and improve machining quality and efficiency. Vibration cutting can be divided into high-frequency vibration and low-frequency vibration according to the added frequency. The low-frequency vibration only changes the formation condition of the chip, which is mainly used to solve the problem of chip breaking and a series of related problems. Ultrasonic vibration (high-frequency vibration) cutting has caused significant changes in the chip formation mechanism, which can improve the workability of the material to be processed, improve tool life and workpiece processing quality. The effect of ultrasonic machining comes from the separation movement between the tool and the workpiece, ie it is a pulsed intermittent cutting process. Therefore, as a new technology in the processing of precision machining and difficult-to-machine materials, its cutting effect has been recognized by all countries in the world, and it is considered to be a leap in traditional processing technology.
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