At present , pollution-free food, green food and organic food are receiving more and more attention and become a fashion. Non-polluting foods emphasize the absence of substances that are toxic or harmful to the human body , or control these substances within a limited amount , that is, non-polluting foods. Currently in the development of national standards, pollution has been basically adopted the name. Green is further required in pollution-free basis, which controls the amount of hazardous substances should be more stringent quality requirements should be higher, requiring the production environment (soil, water, air) cleaner, the production process Management measures also have strict requirements.
Only fertilizers and plant foods (grains, vegetables, fruits, etc.) is directly related to proper application of chemical fertilizer, yield and quality of crops have a good influence, but does not cause pollution and food insecurity. At present, the propaganda in this area has a relatively serious one-sidedness , and even some misleading , which has caused people to fear the use of chemical fertilizers and the consumption of agricultural products. These issues should be clarified.
1. Cannot equate chemical fertilizers with chemical pesticides
While chemical fertilizers and pesticides are often referred to as agricultural chemicals, but they are decidedly different nature of the two substances. In short , fertilizer is a high concentration of plant nutrients and is the “food†that plants need. The purpose of applying chemical fertilizer is to supplement the deficiency of nutrients in the soil and promote the growth and development of crops . Its role is to promote growth. Fertilizer itself is not a harmful substance to humans and animals . Due to its high purity , other impurities are also low in content , especially for plants or human and animal harmful substances ( such as heavy metals ) . In general , the use of chemical fertilizers does not present residual problems of harmful substances. The synthetic chemical pesticides are used to prevent, destroy or control of agricultural, forestry diseases, insects and weeds, and other pests (nematodes, mites, rats, etc.) of chemical substances, the purpose of the use of pesticides that kill these pests, Protect crops or trees.
Various active ingredients in chemical fertilizers , such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, which are decomposed into various ions after water; and some secondary components present in chemical fertilizers , such as gypsum in calcium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, etc. are soil and organic fertilizer in itself, there is the matter of human, animal is not toxic, there is no harm.
Pesticides are generally narcotics. Certain substances in pesticides, soil and plants does not exist, the intake of more than a certain amount can make people and animals to death; some in the human body or livestock, poultry body will accumulate, and some have teratogenic and carcinogenic. Thus, there are some pesticides in China has banned the use, such as BHC and DDT (of DDT), DBCP, chlordimeform. At the national agriculture and industry standard pollution-free vegetables, fruit, a commonly used pesticide residues in some of the indicators are strictly controlled. At present , pesticides are also developing in the direction of high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue and environmental compatibility.
Second, chemical fertilizers cannot be opposed to organic fertilizers.
It is believed that only green fertilizer can be used to produce green food and organic food , and chemical fertilizer cannot be used. In fact, these are mainly the regulations on the application of fertilizers from the International Union of Organic Agriculture Movements. According to the International Union was established in 1972 in Europe, there is a certain influence of civil society organizations of Organic Agriculture Movements, in terms of fertilizer use can be broadly seen the following: production in a closed system, does not cause pollution to the environment and soil, be coordinated agricultural and natural; consider possible recycling of organic matter, avoid the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides; inorganic fertilizers, such as potassium chloride is low, alkaline phosphate powder and slag are allowed to use, should be seen A supplement to the nutrient cycle , not a substitute. In these views in some desirable, for example, organic agricultural production to recycling as much as possible, do not cause pollution to the soil and the environment. But in the market economy today, it closed agricultural production is not desirable, and it is difficult to do.
Agricultural products are also commodities . To be listed and to be circulated , it is impossible for any agricultural production unit to carry out under closed conditions. Experiences at home and abroad have proven that crop production , which relies on the recycling of materials within the agricultural sector , cannot be significantly and rapidly increased , and it is difficult to meet the needs of population growth and improved life.
　　 In 1840 , the German agricultural chemist Li Beixi proposed the theory of plant mineral nutrition , which believed that the nutrients absorbed by plants from the soil were mainly inorganic minerals. In the same period , the French scholar Busson Gao passed the test , arguing that the carbon absorbed by plants comes from carbon dioxide in the air , not the humus of the soil; the absorbed nitrogen can be fixed from the air by legumes , which is the carbon and nitrogen nutrition theory of plants. This combination of both, laid the foundation for the subsequent development of plant nutrition and fertilizer science.
According to the theory of plant mineral nutrition , the nitrogen absorbed by green plants from soil is mainly ammonium ion (NH4+) and nitrate ion (N03-), and the absorbed phosphorus is phosphate (H2PO4-, HPO42-), absorbed potassium. is a potassium ion (K +), and C obtained from carbon dioxide and water, H, 0 through photosynthesis, the organic compound forming sugar, fat and protein. This theory is not outdated , and most of the fertilizers provide nutrients that plants can absorb directly. Organic fertilizer various organic components, generally can not be directly absorbed by the plant, must be broken down into the mineral nutrients can be utilized by the microorganism or plant. When a plant absorbs certain mineral nutrients , it cannot distinguish which one comes from organic fertilizer , and which one comes from chemical fertilizer . As long as it is mineral nutrients , which one first reaches the root table , which one is first absorbed.
Our country has long been pursued in terms of fertilizer "organic, inorganic combined" approach, in green, pollution-free food production is correct, the two against each other, from the theory and practice are completely untenable.
Third, the application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer will not cause nitrate accumulation in agricultural products
Nitrate fertilizer is a fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer, farmers in recent years by the favorite, especially in Shanxi, "Tianji" brand nitrate fertilizer application rates in the country are great. Nitrate fertilizer in the end whether the damage, with nitrate fertilizer is not to increase the content of nitrite in vegetables?
As early as 2005, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Soil and Fertilizer Institute has organized Soil and Fertilizer Station in Shouguang, Shandong Province, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, Soil and Fertilizer Station, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, Soil and Fertilizer Station, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, Soil and Fertilizer Station, carried out on different varieties of vegetables A one-year monitoring trial. The results showed that: both the fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, or the fertilizer containing ammonium nitrogen or urea, as long as the same amount of nitrogen, the nitrate content of vegetables is not significantly different. Nitrate fertilizer as the main varieties of agricultural fertilizer, has played a very important role. Scientific understanding of nitrate fertilizer, scientific application of nitrate fertilizer, the actual production is essential for farmers, for the current agricultural development has far-reaching significance.
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