The main problem of current pesticide selection and use

Through pesticide control, China has recovered about 80 billion yuan of direct economic losses every year. However, there are still many problems in the process of pesticide use in China. Under the new market economy situation, how to do a good job in scientific and rational selection and safe use of pesticides, and produce High-quality and safe agricultural products have become a top priority for rural economic production.

Judging from the current situation of pesticide production in China, there are more than 2,600 production enterprises in China, more than 500 registered varieties, more than 600 preparations, and more than 20,000 products. In 2009, the output of pesticide raw materials reached 1,849,200 tons, of which pesticide production was 657,000 tons, accounting for 43.43% of total pesticide production. The cumulative production of herbicides was 650,500 tons, and the proportion of herbicides in total pesticide production was 42.99%. The cumulative output of fungicides reached 205,300 tons, and the proportion of fungicides in total pesticide production was 13.57%. Ranked first in the world.

In recent years, the area of ​​cultivated land in China has remained at around 110 million hectares, the planting area of ​​crops has reached 2.346 billion mu, the area of ​​pests and diseases has reached 5.6 billion mu, and the area of ​​prevention and control has reached 5.8 billion mu. Through pesticide control, the annual direct economic loss is about 80 billion yuan, and the input-output ratio of pesticides is about 1:6-10. Under the new market economy situation, how to further improve the scientific and rational selection and safe use of pesticides, and produce high-quality and safe agricultural products has become a top priority for rural economic production.

Seven major problems with current pesticide use

Choosing a medicine is not scientific. First, farmers have abused pesticides without understanding the objects of prevention and control, as well as various pest and disease habits, and even used insecticides to control diseases. Second, the abuse of high-toxicity and high-residue pesticides still occurs. The continuous enrichment of these pesticides not only leads to excessive pesticide residues in crops, but also seriously pollutes the environment.

Use period or spray crops improperly. First, the drugs are not timely, no pests and diseases are not used, and a large number of pests and diseases have been seen to fight drugs, delaying the best time to fight drugs. Second, do not use drugs according to the indicators, see the worms to cure, see the disease to prevent, not only affect the growth and development of crops, and will cause pollution of agricultural production. The third is the abuse of hormonal pesticides.

Formulation of the drug is not scientific. 2. The concentration of the drug solution is often too high, resulting in increased pesticide residues and phytotoxicity. It also increases the rate of resistance of pests.

Poor spray effect. The main reasons are as follows: First, when fighting drugs, it is afraid of labor and effort, the liquid spray is not in place, uneven, the plant internal hemorrhoids, leaf back often do not take medicine, and some randomly increase the diameter of the sprayer, even remove the piece Therefore, the sprayed liquid cannot uniformly contact the insect body, and it is difficult to obtain a better control effect. Second, do not look at the weather, time, and medication. Regardless of the high temperature, high humidity, wind and other weather, the free control of drugs caused poor control effects, and even phytotoxicity or personnel poisoning incidents. Third, the backward application of pesticides has resulted in low effective utilization of pesticides. According to experts' estimates, the effective utilization rate of pesticides in China is only

20% to 30%, far lower than the average of 50% to 60% in developed countries.

The method of use is not scientific. First, relying on chemical pesticides is a serious phenomenon. I don’t know how to make rational use of agriculture, biology, and physics to control pests and diseases. Instead, I use chemical pesticides in large quantities. The second is the blind mixed use of pesticides, which makes the pests and diseases resistant or causes phytotoxicity. The third is to increase the concentration and dosage of the drug at will.

Lack of environmental knowledge and environmental awareness. It is manifested by the random disposal of pesticide packaging, which seriously pollutes the soil, water and atmosphere. Secondly, farmers often store their pesticides at random, and even put the pesticides in their living rooms or granaries, which will not only cause poisoning of humans and animals, but also cause the pesticides to lose their proper efficacy.

The pesticide sales market is chaotic. At present, China's agricultural capital circulation enterprises have small and comprehensive problems. According to the survey, there are more than 100,000 agricultural resource dealers in the country, but the scale of operation is very small, and the brands and varieties are too complicated. Moreover, the quality of personnel engaged in pesticide management is generally low. In addition, the operators are unilaterally pursuing short-term benefits, disorderly competition, and random prescriptions. Every year, many farmers suffer losses due to drug use.

Suggestions for improving the pesticide market

In response to several major problems in the current pesticide market, the author proposes the following recommendations to improve the use of pesticides in China.

1. Increase the scientific and safety training of pesticides and cultivate the awareness of safe drug use by distributors and farmers. Conduct safe and rational use of pesticide knowledge and technical publicity and training for grassroots agricultural technicians, distributors and farmers, and form a conscious and rational use of pesticides. At the same time, in accordance with the occurrence and control period of different crop pests and diseases, scientific and technical personnel should be organized in time to do technical guidance and carry out training on pollution-free prevention and control technology, so that farmers not only master the scientific drug technology, but also fully recognize the pesticide pollution to the ecological environment and The harm caused by people's health.

2. Establish a demonstration field for the safe use of pesticides to intuitively guide farmers to safely use drugs. In the demonstration site, the pesticides should be used in a timely and rational manner according to the technical regulations. The maximum control effect can be obtained with the least amount of drugs, so that it is economical and effective, and protects the ecology.

3. Introduce new pesticides and actively promote new pesticides. Strengthen the testing, demonstration and promotion of new pesticides, and screen out high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides and biological pesticides to replace high-toxic and high-residue pesticides. We will expand the application areas of physical and biological control technologies such as insecticidal lamps and sexual attractants, and actively promote the popularization of ecological control and biocontrol technologies. |

4. Introduce and promote new types of medical equipment to improve the utilization rate of pesticides. It is necessary to speed up the upgrading of the application machine, and at the same time actively improve the application of the medicine, change the traditional high-capacity, spray the large droplets into the spray of low-volume, fine mist droplets. Establish a professional joint defense team, promote motorized sprayers, improve control effects, and reduce pesticide waste and pollution.

5. Strengthen the monitoring of pesticide residues and produce pollution-free agricultural products. The monitoring of pesticide residues is the need to protect the health of the people, the need to improve the export competitiveness of agricultural products, and the need for sustainable development of agriculture in China. It is expected that the country will improve the allocation of pesticide residue testing equipment and personnel as soon as possible, and take pesticide residue monitoring as a key task.

6. Strengthen the management of pesticide market. Pesticide management departments should increase law enforcement, rectify the pesticide market, resolutely crack down on counterfeit and inferior pesticides, label unqualified pesticides, purify pesticide purchase and sale channels, and create a good market environment for farmland safe drug use. Penalties for violations, increase the awareness of the legal system of pesticide production, management, and users, severely crack down on illegal production, management, and use of pesticides, eliminate the production, operation, and use of illegal pesticides, and create conditions for the safe and rational use of pesticides.