A brief history of the development of modern lithium battery materials technology

Many advantages of lithium batteries, lithium batteries are widely used in electric vehicles, digital products and home appliances. However, the development of lithium batteries is not a one-step process. The following is a compilation of the history of the development of lithium batteries in modern times for everyone to understand:

Material field	Technology upgrade / breakthrough	R&D company / unit	Field of use	Time (year)	Performance improvement
Cathode material	Manganese spar (LMO for short)	LG Chemistry, Japan NEC, South Korea's Samsung, Hitachi, Japan Nissan Motors of Japan	hybrid car, Electronic product lithium battery	1996	Increased durability Cost reduction
	Lithium iron phosphate ion	Texas State University, American Phostech lithium battery company, Valence Technologies, Inc., USA American A123 Lithium Battery Company, Massachusetts Institute of Technology	Segway electric car, electrical tools, Avionics, hybrid car	1996	Increased energy density (2 Ah, 70A) High temperature resistance (>60 °C)
	Nickel, manganese, cobalt Ternary transition Lithium metal oxide (referred to as NMC)	American Imara Group, Nissan Motors of Japan		2008	Increased energy density Increased energy output Increased safety
	LMO/NMC	Sony, Japan Sanyo, Japan			Increased energy output Increased safety
	Lithium iron phosphate	University of Waterloo		2007	Increased durability Cost reduction (replaces sodium with lithium)
	Lithium air battery	Dayton City University Research Institute	Car battery	2009	Increased energy output Increased safety
	Vanadium doped 5% Lithium iron phosphate olivine	University of Birmingham		2008	Increased energy output
Anode material	Lithium titanate (referred to as LT)	Altairnano Nanotechnology Corporation	car, Power grid, Bus	2008	Increased energy output Shorter charging time Durability is greatly improved (20 years / 9000 charge and discharge) Increased safety Normal operating temperature expansion (-50C to +70C)
	Lithium vanadium oxide	South Korea's Samsung, Subaru, Japan	Car battery	2007	Increased energy density (745Wh/l)
	Virus culture nanotube	Massachusetts Institute of Technology		2006	Increased energy density Increase in concentration
	Stainless steel nanotube	Stanford University		2007	Increased energy density Increased durability
	Metal hydride	French Solid Chemical Reaction Laboratory, General Motors		2008	Increased energy density (1480 mAh/g)
Electrolyte / Diaphragm	LT/LMO	Japanese Ener1 battery, Delphi Automotive		2006	Increased durability Increased safety
	Nano-structure	Paul Sabatir University, Picardy Jules Verne University		2006	Increased energy density
	Virus culture synthesis Gold-doped compound	Massachusetts Institute of Technology		2009	Increased energy density