Characteristics and application of superhard material coated abrasives

Abstract: This paper introduces the characteristics of diamond and cubic boron nitride abrasive belts and their development at home and abroad. Because the super-hard material belt has the characteristics of high efficiency, precision, energy saving, material saving and environmental protection. In addition, China is both a super-hard material country and a large machinery manufacturing country. It has the advantage of developing and applying super-hard material coated abrasives. At present, China's super-hard material abrasive belt has been successfully developed and mass-produced for the development of difficult-to-machine materials and complex types. The grinding test and processing of the surface created conditions to promote the development of China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry. Key words: diamond, CBN abrasive belt, abrasive belt grinding, high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection. 1. Introduction High efficiency, precision, energy saving, material saving and environmental protection are the general trends in the development of modern manufacturing. Superhard materials (diamond and cubic boron nitride) tools, including superhard material abrasive belts, will play an important role in this development. The application of superhard materials to coated abrasives has just begun in China. I have been fortunate to be one of its pioneers. Diamonds and cubic boron nitride are used as abrasives to successfully produce abrasive belts, sand discs and sand sleeves, and page wheels. , grinding discs, etc., and began to scale production and application. This article discusses the importance, necessity and feasibility of developing superhard material coated abrasives. Diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN) are the two materials with the highest hardness known in the world (see Table 1. Mohs hardness table for various substances). Due to its high hardness, good wear resistance and high thermal conductivity, it is unmatched by ordinary abrasives (corundum and silicon carbide). When using hard abrasives to process hard and brittle and hard tough workpieces, the consumption is extremely small, and the sharpness and the shape of the abrasive can be maintained for a long time, which not only ensures the machining accuracy of the workpiece, but also greatly improves the processing efficiency. At the same time, it solves the problem of environmental pollution and conforms to the development strategies of energy conservation, material conservation, environmental protection and low carbon implemented by the state in the manufacturing industry. Western developed countries have developed the use of superhard materials to manufacture coated abrasives from the perspective of solving the grinding process of difficult-to-machine materials, improving grinding efficiency and human health and environmental protection. At present, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and other countries have the production and sales of related products, and form a series of superhard material coated abrasive products. 2, the status quo of superhard material abrasive belt superhard material coated abrasive refers to the use of adhesive to adhere superhard material (synthetic diamond or cubic boron nitride) abrasive particles to the flexible flexible substrate . With the rapid development of China's metallurgical industry and modern mechanical processing industry, the emergence of various new materials, high-end equipment manufacturing requirements for processing accuracy and surface finish are getting higher and higher, coated abrasives are also high efficiency, long life and super The direction of precision is developing. Therefore, the development and application of superhard material coated abrasives are quietly emerging in cemented carbide, electronics, stone, engineering ceramics, glass, gemstones, building materials, stainless steel, hardened steel, high speed tool steel, high temperature alloy (titanium alloy, nickel). The special processing fields of difficult-to-machine materials such as base and cobalt-based alloys and composite materials (carbon fiber reinforced plastics, special glass fiber reinforced plastics) have been widely used (see Table 2. Microhardness of carbides and several abrasives in high speed steel) Comparison Chart). It is particularly noteworthy that in the grinding of difficult-to-machine materials such as cemented carbide, stone, ceramics, iron-based alloys, etc., super-hard material abrasive belts show their unique advantages, from the grinding of workpieces used as general precision requirements. Developed to the grinding of high-precision, ultra-high-precision parts. Due to the application of super-hard material abrasive belt, the working life of the abrasive belt is greatly improved, and the abrasive belt grinding field is rapidly expanding, which can be used for wet grinding, dry grinding, high-speed grinding, heavy-duty grinding and high-precision precision parts grinding and polishing. It greatly enriches the application range of coated abrasives that enjoy the reputation of “universal grinding”. 3. Superhard material coated abrasive structure Four elements of superhard material coated abrasive: consisting of substrate, abrasive, binder and abrasive arrangement. 3.1 Substrate: 3.1.1 Substrate is the carrier of abrasive and binder, which is the main factor to make the belt flexible. The main performance indicators of the substrate are: radial tensile strength, latitudinal tensile strength, radial (latitudinal) elongation, mesh density of the textile fabric, and the like. 3.1.2 Composite substrate: In the past ten years, the base tape (high-speed transmission belt) has been developed in large-area strong grinding, because of its thickness adjustability (from 0.5-3.0mm), better tensile strength And lower elongation (less than 1.5%), good heat resistance, water resistance, and smooth surface. Therefore, it is currently a trend to use it as a belt and other coated abrasive substrates. 3.2 Abrasive: diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN). China's superhard material coated abrasives are high-tech products developed in recent years. At present, there is no systematic complete product classification. According to the different abrasive materials, it can be divided into two types: diamond coated abrasives and cubic boron nitride coated abrasives. 3.3 Binder: There are two kinds of resin binder and metal binder. 3.3.1 Resin Superhard Material The abrasive belt is basically the same in structure as the ordinary abrasive belt. It is made by mixing the adhesive with the abrasive by dispensing or pre-forming the template (see Figure 1. 3M resin) Type diamond belt product). 3.3.2 Metal bond abrasive belts are manufactured by electroplating or other special processes. 3.4 Arrangement of abrasive: This is a major feature different from ordinary abrasive coated abrasives. The form (pattern) has a dot type, an X type, an arrow type, a V type, and the like (see Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5). The reason why the form (pattern) of the sand-sand arrangement is listed as a major element of the super-hard material belt is because it plays a very important role in the grinding process: a single abrasive grain itself is used as a grinding unit, and several grinding The granules together form a grinding unit in the sand pattern, and the grinding unit is evenly distributed on the surface of the abrasive cloth. During the working process, a plurality of sharp edges are formed, the sharpness is sharpened, and the uniform gap between the small units is formed to form a large gap. The chip space, not only the grinding debris is taken away with the belt rotation, the chip removal is good, the blockage caused by the grinding debris is avoided, and the grinding temperature is lowered, and the sharpness of the grinding tool and the grinding force are maintained for a long time. The grinding efficiency of the super-hard material belt is not only due to the super-hard abrasive itself, but also because of the particularity of the abrasive distribution. For the grinding process with the grinding amount requirement, the abrasive belt with the particle size of 40#~240# can be used, and the sand surface abrasive grain distribution pattern is arrow-shaped distribution (see Figure 6. The arrow-shaped distribution developed by Zhengzhou Reiter Company) The ring belt is made of X-WT, Y-WT and PU. It has the characteristics of sharp grinding, high efficiency, good chip removal, low noise and less dust. For the fine grinding and polishing process, 320#~2000# fine-grained abrasive belts can be used, and the sand-abrasive distribution pattern adopts a dot-like distribution (see Figure 7. Ring-shaped distribution ring produced by Zhengzhou Ruite Co., Ltd. Abrasive belt), the substrate adopts J-WT, and its belt product has many characteristics such as softness, good chip removal, low grinding temperature, low noise, less dust, high processing precision and high smoothness. The particle size of the abrasive used in the superhard material abrasive belt must be considered comprehensively for the processing conditions, processing requirements and optimum particle size range. Generally, the three factors of processing surface roughness, processing efficiency and belt life are considered. 3.5 Selection factors and methods of abrasive grain size (see Table 3) 3.6 Abrasive grain size standards (see Table 4) 4. Application of superhard material coated abrasives Abrasive belt grinding is a kind of flexible grinding technology, which has multiple processing functions of grinding, grinding and polishing. With a "cold state" effect, the grinding accuracy is up to 0.1μm. Diamond abrasive belt is especially suitable for the processing of hard and brittle non-metallic materials and non-ferrous metals. Therefore, it is widely used in hard and brittle materials such as stone, building materials, glass, special ceramics, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, gemstone and silicon-aluminum alloy, hard alloy. Grinding and polishing of complex shapes of products. The hardness of CBN is second only to diamond, and the grinding belt has the advantages of small grinding force, low grinding temperature, high grinding ratio and good chemical stability. It is especially suitable for the processing of hard and tough iron-based alloys, such as rough grinding of special high-speed steel tools such as vanadium-titanium alloy steel; heat-resistant steel (titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy, cobalt-based alloy), stainless steel and high Fine grinding and final grinding of precision parts made of alloy structural steel; because of its small grinding force and low grinding temperature, it is an ideal grinding tool for titanium alloy grinding, because it does not cause deformation of the machine guide rail. It is more suitable for the finishing and final grinding of machine tool guides, instruments and miniature bearing parts; the processing of complex profile workpieces (pinion cutters, high-precision gears, blades, etc.); the finishing of other quenching tool steels and the local thermal stress and Grinding of various material parts sensitive to thermal shock. Super-hard material belt products include ring belt, sand ring, grinding disc, hand rubbing block, grinding disc, grinding wheel, etc. (see Figure 8, Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11), which can process surface quality and precision requirements. High variety of workpieces. Not only has a long service life, but also high grinding efficiency. For example, 100# electroplated diamond coated abrasive soft-grinding disc developed by our company, the service life of processed stone is 8-10 times of resin diamond soft-grinding piece; the CBN abrasive belt produced by our company is used by Chongqing Sanmao Haida with six-axis linkage sand With a grinding machine for processing heat-resistant stainless steel steam turbine blades, a CBN abrasive belt can be processed continuously for 18-20 hours, and the surface quality of the workpiece is good. The German VSM produces 718 ordinary stacked abrasive belts, one can only be processed continuously for 2 hours; Shanghai Baosteel uses the diamond belts produced by our company and its products to polish the surface and spray the workpieces such as tungsten carbide materials, and the polishing efficiency is high. The surface roughness of the workpiece is uniform. 5. Development trend of superhard material abrasive belts 5.1. Development of special binders. Due to the different performance requirements of adhesives for different fields of use of superhard material abrasive belts, it will be necessary to develop special binders for specific fields of use; 5.2. Development of micro-powder grade super-hard abrasive sand. The distribution uniformity and orientation of the abrasive must be effectively controlled. American 3M Company uses a dispenser to manufacture resin-dispensing abrasive belts, which can better solve the problems of uniformity of abrasive distribution, softness of abrasive belts, etc., and can save the amount of super-hard abrasives and reduce costs. 5.3. Development of high precision and ultra precision super abrasive abrasive belts. At present, precision grinding usually refers to machining technology with a machining accuracy of 3 to 0.3 μm and a surface roughness of Ra 0.3 to 0.03 μm. Ultra-precision grinding requires a machining accuracy of 0.3 to 0.03 μm and a roughness of 0.03 to 0.05. Mm. Due to the basic characteristics of superhard material abrasive belts, its application to precision and ultra-precision grinding is one of the main directions in the future. 6. Conclusions 6.1. Superhard material abrasive belts have the dual characteristics of “hard” superhard materials and “soft” coated abrasives, which are the best combination of “just” and “soft”. In line with the strategic requirements of modern high-speed, high-efficiency, precision, material-saving, energy-saving and environmentally-friendly processing technology, it has important technical and economic value to push coated abrasives to the peak. 6.2. Superhard material abrasive belt is not only a high-tech coated abrasive product, but also a high value-added and high-efficiency product. Its quality and level often mark the production and processing level of a national coated abrasive tool, and vigorously develop super hard material coating. Attachment of abrasive tools is feasible and necessary. 6.3. China is a world's largest producer of super-hard materials. In 2010, the output of synthetic diamond was 9.2 billion carats and the annual output of CBN was 260 million carats. The variety is complete, the price is low, and the supply is sufficient. It has laid a reliable material for the development of super-hard material abrasive belt products. Foundation and security. 6.4 China has a huge stone mining and processing, optical glass, gem processing industry, engineering ceramic processing, photovoltaic industry, aerospace, nuclear power wind power, high-end equipment manufacturing. It is believed that the successful development and mass production of superhard material coated abrasives in China will certainly promote the rapid development of the above-mentioned industries in China. 6.5. Superhard materials are much more expensive than ordinary abrasives, but from the standpoint of high performance, long life and high cost performance, the use of superhard material abrasive belts is a highly efficient, cost-effective and cost-effective tool. The so-called high price of super-hard materials should not be an obstacle to the development of super-hard material abrasive belt products, but should make full use of the advantages of low-cost super-hard materials that are unmatched by other countries. Applying superhard materials to coated abrasives is one of the development directions of China's coated abrasives industry, and it will surely have a bright future! References: 1, Huang Yun, Huang Zhi, modern abrasive belt grinding technology and engineering applications [M]. Chongqing University Press, 2009; 2, Lu Zhi, Zheng Chao, etc., superhard material tool design and manufacturing [M] Metallurgical Industry Press, 2010; 3, Liu Zhihuan, Wang Jinbao, etc., research status of superhard material abrasive belt and Development Trend [C] Proceedings of China Superhard Materials Development Forum, 2008, 6:86~89 4. Chen Futian, Lu Zhi, etc. Comparative analysis of processing performance of two kinds of abrasive flexible grinding wheels [C] Proceedings of China Superhard Materials Development Forum , 2008, 6: 157 ~ 169 5, Kang Shichen, grinding wheel grinding and belt grinding comparison [J] mechanical engineer, 1999, 9: 48 6, Zheng Chao, Lu Zhi, super hard material coated abrasives status [C] Proceedings of the 5th Zhengzhou International Superhard Materials and Products Symposium, 2008, 9:202~208 Zhengzhou Ruite Diamond Belt Co., Ltd. An Jianmin Zhengzhou Abrasives Grinding Research Institute Wang Guangzu China Superhard Materials Net Liu Jinchang July 13, 2011 Profile of the first author: An Jianmin Jianmin, graduated from Zhengzhou Abrasives Industrial Workers University, and general manager of Zhengzhou Ruite Diamond Abrasive Belt Co., Ltd. Mainly engaged in the development and marketing management of abrasive belt shaped products. The sheet-type grinding disc project developed in 1996 won the first prize of outstanding new products and new technology of Henan Province and the first prize of excellent new products of Zhengzhou. The recently developed super-hard material abrasive belt and product project won the first prize of the 2010 China Machine Tool Industry Association Coating Abrasives Branch Coated Abrasives Technology Progress.

LED Bulb

LEDER technology`s LED Bulb can be used for downlights, Pendant Light , table lamps and Floor Lamps , fanlights, and so on (not for use with fully enclosed fixtures). These LED bulbs are also an excellent alternative to incandescent lamps because they can be used in the same fixtures. With an extremely long lifespan of 11,000 hours, you won`t be changing this LED bulb anytime soon.

Additionally, this LED bulb is ROHS compliant, meaning that it is free of mercury and lead and does not overall Height - Top to emit any harmful UV or IR radiation. The LED light bulb is a versatile and energy-efficient lighting solution that's ideal for indoor use.

Features:

• Color changing with over 1600 colors (RGB+CCT)

• Dimming brightness

• Group and control multiple lights with the smart life app

• Energy saving save electricity

• Contracted design

• Color temperature :3000k-6000K

• Adjustable angle: Rotating lens up to 130 degrees that allows for light distribution in the direction that best suits your space.

• Type of protection: IP20

• Warranty:3 - 5 years

With over 1600 color options we guarantee you will be able to the perfect fit for any mood. Additional temperature controls allow for the perfect light with reduced strain on your eyes.

We have rich production experience in lighting. Except LED Bulb, we also offered other product in Indoor Lighting .Such as : LED Downlight , LED Panel Light, Track Light , Linear Light , LED Strip Light , LED Tube Light , LED Bulb , LED Ceiling Light as so on .


Stair Lights,LED Stair Lights,Stair Lights Indoor,Solar Step Lights

JIANGMEN LEDERLIGHT LIGHTING Co.,LTD , https://www.walllightoutdoor.com