Multiferroic refers to a variety of orderly coexistences such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and iron elasticity. The multi-ferroic material and magnetoelectric coupling effect contains a wealth of basic physics problems, and has important application prospects. It is one of the research hotspots in condensed matter physics and materials science in recent years. Multiferroic materials are divided into two types: composite materials and single-phase materials. Magnetoelectric coupling of composite materials is indirect coupling using interface effects. Magnetoelectric coupling of single-phase materials is the intrinsic body effect. It has been found that a wide variety of single-phase multiferroic materials, the known magnetoelectric coupling effects of single-phase multiferroic materials (magnetic field controlled electrodeposition or electric field control magnetics) are generally weak, limiting single-phase multiferroic materials The application of magnetic electronics in the future, how to greatly increase the magnetoelectric coupling effect of single-phase materials has become a major challenge in this field. Recently, Sun Yang, a researcher at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, achieved a large magnetoelectric coupling effect in a Y-type hexagonal ferrite Ba0.4Sr1.6Mg2Fe12O22. The positive magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of 33000ps/m and the inverse magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of 32000ps/m created a new world record of the magnetoelectric coupling effect of single-phase materials. Related research results were published at Nature Communications.
Hexagonal ferrites are a class of iron-based oxides with a hexagonal system, which can be further divided into M, W, X, Y, Z, and U-type hexagonal ferrites, depending on the structural unit. Due to the competition of multiple magnetic interactions, a rich non-collinear helical magnetic structure can be produced in the hexagonal ferrite by partial element substitution. For some specific helical magnetic structures, the non-collinear spins can generate macroscopic polarization through inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, leading to the second order multiferroic and magnetoelectric coupling effects of magnetic ordering. In past studies, strong magnetoelectric coupling effects have been observed in some hexagonal ferrites. However, how to further realize the magnetoelectric coupling effect in hexagonal ferrites lacks clear understanding and ideas. In order to understand the physical origin of the giant magnetoelectric coupling effect of the Y-type hexagonal ferrite Ba0.4Sr1.6Mg2Fe12O22, the researchers synthesized a series of single-crystal Ba2-xSrxMg2Fe12O22 (0.0≤x≤1.6) samples and studied their macroscopic magnetic properties. The magnetoelectric coupling effect varies with the Sr content. At the same time, Sun Yang's research team collaborated with scientists from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States to study the magnetic structure of this series of single-crystal samples using neutron scattering techniques. The conical spiral magnetic structure of the Ba2-xSrxMg2Fe12O22 system with Sr was given. The phase diagram of the content and external magnetic field changes. The results show that the strength of the magnetoelectric coupling effect in the hexagonal ferrite is closely related to the symmetry of the spin cone: When the symmetry of the spin cone decreases from quadruple symmetry to double symmetry, it is driven by an external magnetic field. Spinning cones can be flipped 180 degrees. At the same time, the polarization generated by the spin structure can be reversed by 180 degrees. The magnetic anisotropy is controlled by the elemental substitution so that this phase transition occurs near the zero magnetic field, resulting in a large magnetoelectric coupling coefficient. This study has obtained the largest positive and negative magnetoelectric coupling coefficient in single-phase materials so far, and it also indicates the direction of how to improve the magnetoelectric coupling effect in multiferroic hexagonal ferrites.
The research work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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