When people eat cucumbers, they often encounter bitter melons, which are more common in winter and spring. Bitter taste seriously affects the quality of cucumber. Bitterness is a physiological disease of cucumber, which is caused by excessive accumulation of bitterin in cucumber. According to the survey, the incidence of cucumber in greenhouses is often several times that of cucumbers grown in open fields. Correct use of the following methods can reduce or prevent the occurrence of bitter cucumber.
The selection of resistant varieties for disease-resistant varieties is one of the most cost-effective disease prevention measures, and it is necessary to select varieties that are not susceptible to bitterness. Practice has shown that cucumber varieties such as Shandong Mia and Changchun Mia are prone to bitterness. However, cucumber varieties such as Jinza No. 2, Jinza No. 4, and Jinyan No. 4 are not only high-yield and high-quality, but also produce bitter melons, so it is a good strategy to use disease-resistant varieties.
Adjust the humidity, adjust the soil moisture and air humidity of the greenhouse by watering and adjusting the vents. Due to the rapid growth of cucumber, the leaves are thin and large, the indoor temperature is high, and the water evaporates quickly. Therefore, water must be watered at the right time, and the soil moisture and high air humidity are often maintained to meet the needs of cucumber growth and development. When the humidity is too low, the cucumber will have a physiological drought, and the drought will easily cause the accumulation of bitterness. Watering should be timely and appropriate, avoid flooding, make “less mealsâ€, keep the soil dry and damp, and keep the relative humidity of the air at 75% in the morning and 70% in the afternoon. If the indoor air humidity reaches 75% or more, it is necessary to use the high temperature period around noon to ventilate and disperse in time.
Controlled temperature studies have shown that bitterness is increased when temperatures are below 13 ° C or above 30 ° C. In combination with watering and adjusting the vents, the temperature of the greenhouse should be kept at 25 °C ~ 30 °C in the morning and 20 °C ~ 25 °C in the afternoon. This can avoid the production of bitterness and also the growth and development of cucumber.
Scientific application of nitrogen fertilizer is too much, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, organic fertilizers are insufficient, it is easy to cause the growth of seedlings, resulting in poor reproductive growth and increased bitterness. Scientific fertilization is carried out according to the requirement of 5:2:6 ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required for cucumber life. 5,000-6,000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manure per mu, and mixed with 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate and 12 kilograms of potassium sulfate, applied to the planting ditch, and the fertilizer and soil are evenly mixed. Topdressing should be done to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage, and appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prevent plant growth; in the medium term, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately increased, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added to meet the needs of a large number of flowering results; 0.3% phosphoric acid should be sprayed at the later stage. Potassium dihydrogen solution, once every 7 days, even spray 2~3 times. This fertilization can not only meet the nutrient requirements of cucumber, but also effectively prevent the production of bitter.
Reasonable dense planting density is too large, poor light transmission, which will cause photosynthesis to weaken, dry matter accumulation to decrease, and bitterness accumulation to increase. In order to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, control the increase of bitterness, to make a reasonable close planting, and to carry out large and small planting. At present, the varieties planted are 80 cm in large row spacing, 60 cm in small rows, and 30 cm in plant spacing. It is appropriate to plant about 4,000 plants per mu.
Doing a good job of scaffolding, tying vines, and picking cucumbers during the growth period should be based on the principle of increasing the light between plants, and the height of the plants depends on the variety. When the main vine grows to 30~35 cm, the first time the vine is tied, and then it is tied every 3~4 knots. When the main vine climbs to the top of the rack, it is topped. Topping can promote the fruit vines results, control the stems and grow long, ensure good light transmission, improve the photosynthetic function of the leaves, and have a good effect on preventing bitterness.
Spraying rare earth micro-fertilizer in the seedling stage, initial flowering stage and early melon stage of cucumber, spraying rare earth micro-fertilizers, can improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, increase the disease resistance of leaves, control the production of bitterness, and increase the sugar content of cucumber. The yield and quality of cucumber were significantly improved by 1%~2%. According to the test, spraying rare earth micro-fertilizer 3 times can increase yield by 5%~6.8%.
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