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Plant hormones, as a signaling molecule, regulate many important growth and development traits in higher plants. However, whether or not phytohormones exist in microalgae and whether there are key issues such as function, there is still considerable controversy. Recently, researchers from the Single Cell Research Center of the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, discovered a variety of plant hormones in the high-yield oil industry Nannochloropsis oceanica, and established a nitrogen-deficiency induced oil production process. The model of antagonism between abscisic acid and cytokinin laid the foundation for the use of plant hormones to regulate and select energy microalgae. Related results were published in The Plant Journal.
Nannochloropsis is an industrial high-yield oleagin that is widely distributed in the ocean and can be grown on a scale throughout the world. Qingdao Energy Institute's Single Cell Center Functional Genome Team Lu Yanyi et al. (Wang, et al, PLoS Genetics, 2014, 10(1):e1004094) is based on the previous research on the evolutionary genomic database of Micrococcus sp. The metabolic pathways and signal transduction pathways of abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (CKs) were reconstructed (see figure). At the same time, a series of phytohormones including ABA and CKs were found in Nannochloropsis by UHPLC-MS/MS technology, which revealed that it was different from higher plants in content distribution.
By monitoring changes in phytohormone molecule content and combining time-series transcriptome data obtained from previous research in the team (Li, et al, Plant Cell, 2014, 26: 1645-1665), Lu et al. There is an antagonistic effect between abscisic acid and cytokinin. Further physiological evidence shows that abscisic acid can improve the resistance of microalgae cells to a certain extent, and cytokinins can regulate the cell cycle and increase the cell growth rate.
This study demonstrated that phytohormones not only exist widely in microalgae, but also have important regulatory functions, and there are likely to be different hormone signaling pathways that are different from higher plants in microalgae. As a small molecule compound, phytohormones have many advantages in practical application, and this research has also opened up a new idea for the cultivation and breeding of energy microalgae.
The above research was supported by the National Natural Science Youth Fund and the International Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Team. The functional genome team hosted by Xu Jian, the Single Cell Research Center of the Qingdao Energy Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Miroslav Strnad of the University of the Czech Republic, and Jiao Nianzhi of Xiamen University Collaboration.
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