Platycodon grandiflorum is a perennial herb of the genus Campanulaceae, which is rooted in medicine. Sweet, bitter, pungent, sexually lukewarm, with Xuanfei, dispelling cold, phlegm, and pharyngeal discharge pus, attending external cough, sore throat, bronchitis, pleurisy, lung abscess and other diseases. The pests and diseases on the platycodon directly affect the yield and quality of the platycodon, which in turn affects the income of the medicinal cultivator. The main pests and diseases on the platycodon are platycodon, anthracnose, platycodon, wilt, aphid, and tiger.
1. Campanulaceae anthracnose
The pathogen of the anthracnose of Platycodon grandiflorum is the subgenus Aspergillus, Helicobacter, Black Cyclospora, Colletotricchum sp. Mainly endangered the base of the stem of the platycodon grandiflorum. At the beginning of the disease, brown spots appeared on the base of the stem, and gradually expanded to the periphery of the stem. The diseased part contracted in the late stage, and the plant fell off in the diseased part and spread rapidly. The disease is generally from July to August in the late summer and early autumn. The onset of high temperature and wet season.
Control method: thoroughly clean up the field after autumn, remove the residual plants and diseased leaves out of the field, concentrate burning and deep burial, reduce pathogenic bacteria; strengthen field management, rational close planting, pay attention to drainage during the rainy season, reduce soil moisture, reduce disease occurrence . Seed soaking on seeds can be eliminated by soaking seeds with 40% formalin 100-150 times for 10 minutes before sowing. At the beginning of the disease, spray 1: 1: 100 Bordeaux mixture, or 50% methyl thiophanate WP 800 times solution, or 50% mancozeb 500 times solution, or 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times solution. Spray once every 7 days, continuous spraying 3 to 4 times, have a good control effect.
2, Campanulaceae spot blight
The pathogen of the Phyllostachys pubescens is Sepia platycodonis Sdy., which is a subgen of the genus Hymenoptera, Helicobacter, Helminthosporium, and Septoria platycodonis Sdy. Spot blotch harms the leaves. In the early stage of the disease: white round or nearly round lesions with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm on both sides of the affected leaves, and small black spots on the lesions, that is, conidia of pathogenic bacteria, where severe lesions merge into pieces and the leaves die.
Control method: the withered leaves on the ground of the platycodon in autumn should be thoroughly cleaned to reduce the source of bacteria; the drainage season should pay attention to drainage and reduce the soil moisture; the application of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer can enhance the disease resistance of the plant; create adapt to the growth of platycodon, which is not conducive to spotted The environment in which the germs spread can reduce the incidence of diseases. In the early stage of the disease, use 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 10,000 to 1,500 times solution, or 50% carbendazim WP 800 to 1 000 times, or 65% sensible zinc WP 600 times. spray. Spraying once every 7 to 10 days, 2 to 3 times in a row, can achieve good control effect.
3, Campanulaceae wilt disease
The pathogen of the platycodon wilfordii is the subgenus, the genus Aspergillus, the genus Trichosporon, and the genus. Fusarium sp. In the early stage of the disease, the stem base is in a dry rot state, and it turns brown. The pathogen spreads to the upper part of the stem through the stem, causing the whole plant of the platycodon to be infected with blight, and the blight of the platycodon can be caused by white and white under the high-humidity condition. The mildew layer causes the whole platycodon grandiflorum to wither and die.
Control method: Rotation with gramineous crops; the platycodon plants found in the field should be removed in time, and in the diseased hole where the platycodon is pulled out, it is sterilized with quicklime powder in time, and the diseased platycodon plants are collected and burned together. To prevent the spread of germs; in order to reduce the humidity of the soil in the field, it can be drained in time after rain; and when the herbicides are weeded, avoid root damage, and the incidence of platycodon can be reduced by this method. In the early stage of the disease, 50% methyl thiophanate 1000 times liquid spray can be used for spraying, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid. When spraying, the base of the stem outside the upper stem and leaves should be sprayed. It can be sprayed continuously for 2 to 3 times, every interval of 7 to 10 days.
4, locusts
Aphid insects belong to small and soft herbivorous insects of various species, such as wheat bran, safflower finger scorpion, radish scallions, onion stalks, peach aphid, etc., body color is divided into black, yellow, gray, green, brown and so on. Species, aphids often gather dozens of heads or hundreds of heads on the inner stems and leaves of the platycodon. The aphid sucks the juice of the stems and leaves of the bellflowers with a sucking mouthparts, so that the stems and leaves of the bellflowers are atrophied, curled, can not be properly flowered and firm, and the roots can not be enlarged, affecting the yield and quality, and more attention should be paid to prevention and control.
Control method: Weeds around the platycodon grandiflorum should be completely removed, which can effectively prevent mites from sneaking into. In the place where the platycodon is cultivated, the yellow sticky mites are placed on the board, and the yellowing of the mites is mainly used to trap most of the mites. If there are aphids on the platycodon grandiflorum, use 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, or use 25% imidacloprid suspension 800-1000 times solution for spray control, or use 50% dichlorvos EC 500-1000 times solution, or Use 50% of the enemy milk 2,000 times solution, or spray with 25% chlorpyrifos 500-1000 times solution, spray once every 5 to 7 days, and spray several times until the mites are all killed.
5, ground tigers
The terrestrial tiger is the main pest in the ground. It is the larva of the genus Diptera. It is the Lepidoptera, and the young larvae of the 1st and 2nd instar are mainly biting or biting the young stem and the platycodon in the young leaves. Feeding on the seedlings seriously harms the platycodon seedlings, while the older larvae after the 3rd age mainly come out at night to endanger the platycodon grandiflorum, and lurk in the soil of the seedbed during the daytime, often by biting off the platycodon seedlings on the ground, so that the platycodon is destroyed or missing The seedlings directly affect the transplanting of the platycodon in Daejeon.
Control methods: In the agricultural control, in order to reduce the young worms of the ground tigers and eliminate the worms in the coming year, they can be ploughed by machinery or manpowered; or they can be weeded by cultivating to destroy the tigers. Feathering conditions and hatching conditions make the ground tiger unable to breed. In physical control, the installation of electric lights and black light to trap the pests of the tigers, mainly using the phototaxis of tiger-like pests; it is also possible to make liquor, brown sugar, vinegar and water in a ratio of 1:3:3:10. The aqueous solution of sweet and sour vinegar was added, and 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate was added in an amount of 0.1% of the total amount of the above aqueous solution, and the above solution was placed in a moth, and the moth was placed on a stent 30 cm higher than the platycodon. Use this method to trap the tiger-like pests, and pick out the dead moths in the moths every morning, and cover the moths with a lid, and then remove the lid on the moths at night to lure the moths. The solution in the solution was replaced once every 5 to 7 days, and the moth was placed at a density of 2/hm2 for 20 to 30 days. In the prevention and treatment of chemicals, 4.5% of chlorpyrifos powder can be blended in the fine soil of 450-600 kg/hm2 and the mixture of the above-mentioned well-mixed soil is evenly sprinkled. In the plowed soil, the larvae of the overwintering tigers can be killed by this method; or 500 g of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate diluted with appropriate amount of water can be mixed on the fine soil of 12.5 to 15.0 kg, and the mixture is evenly mixed. Toxic soil, when planted, sprinkle it into the hole and the ditch, to prevent the tiger pests from biting the young buds of the platycodon; if the platycodon is seedling, the appropriate amount of toxic soil can be applied around the platycodon seedlings, which can be killed by this method. Larval larvae unearthed at night; or sprayed with 50% fenthion emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1 000 times on the platycodon seedling bed to kill the tiger pests .
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