The next few years are the best time for China to turn to the road of tax reduction. Through the structural tax reduction policy of “increasing and decreasing, focusing on tax reductionâ€, tax reduction will stimulate economic growth, which is a good way to narrow the income gap, expand domestic demand, adjust the industrial structure, and promote economic transformation. Policy thinking and policy orientation for structural adjustment and economic transformation. From the perspective of fiscal and taxation policies, we have just reviewed the Year of the Rabbit and look forward to the Year of the Dragon. We found a very interesting fact: on the one hand, both Chinese scholars and the government have always advocated structural tax cuts and increased personal income tax expenses. Deducting the standard, raising the tax rate for individual households, such as the tax reduction policy for the benefit of the individual, was considered remarkable last year. On the other hand, a series of general tax increase policies were quietly launched this year, such as levying local education surcharges and taxes. Requisition of labor union funds, tax collection of disabled people's security, increase the tax on vehicles and ships, and so on. The difference is that when tax cuts are overwhelming, tax increases are always coming quietly. This shameful approach and contradictory mood indicate that we still lack a clear understanding of the structural tax cuts and implementation determination. What is important about the author today is that the structural tax cuts have any strategic significance for China's sustained economic growth? What is the basic direction of structural tax cuts? If we analyze the five aspects of calculating the caliber, the choice of the country, the welfare level enjoyed by the people, the optimal tax burden, and the rate of tax burden increase, China's macro tax burden cannot be said to be too high, but at least not low. Considering the continued economic development and per capita income in the next few years, if the government is not determined to implement a structural tax reduction policy, then the progressive tax rate mechanism is likely to put China's macro tax burden level in the next few years. Pushing up to the edge of economic growth. In the next one to three years, the world's overall political economy will be in great turmoil, major adjustments and major changes. The Chinese economy will likely face the most difficult, most complicated, severe and difficult internal and external environment since the 2008 global financial crisis. . At the 11th China Economic Forum, the participating scholars agreed that China’s economic situation will be very severe this year, and “economic downturn†will be inevitable. In terms of the external environment, factors such as the European debt crisis, social turmoil in the Middle East, and lack of consumer confidence in developed countries such as the United States are bound to lead to weak growth in China’s exports. In addition, low interest rate policies and economic recovery stimulus plans in developed countries may also bring inflationary pressures to developing countries. Weak external demand, we can only hope to expand domestic demand. However, a series of problems such as imperfect social security system, widening income gap, unbalanced regional development, high housing prices and low income of working-class people have become a practical obstacle to further boosting domestic demand. In addition, China is also faced with real problems such as rising labor costs, resource shortages, risk of foaming in the virtual economy, and instability in the social system. Therefore, the implementation of the policy of “stabilizing growth, controlling prices, adjusting structure, benefiting people's livelihood, grasping reform, and promoting harmony†at the Central Economic Work Conference last year is the best choice for China's economy to “stablely advanceâ€. In the current domestic and international economic situation, there is no more than two roads to stimulate economic growth. One road is to launch a 4 trillion stimulus plan similar to 2009, but China has not yet formed a connotative growth model driven by innovation and technology. Continued expansion of investment will only lead to overcapacity and inflation, which will bring greater difficulties to economic transformation. Another way is to stimulate economic growth through tax cuts. This is the strategic significance of structural tax reduction policies to promote sustained economic growth in China. Where. Moreover, the structural tax reduction policy of “increasing and decreasing, focusing on tax reduction†is also a good way to reduce income gap, expand domestic demand, adjust industrial structure, and promote economic transformation. It can be effective through “one increase and one decreaseâ€. Passing the policy ideas and policy orientation of the government's industrial restructuring and economic transformation. Under the current situation, the structural tax reduction policy is to reduce the tax burden of enterprises and individuals. The fundamental goal is to optimize the tax structure, serve the economic growth and change the economic development mode. Therefore, the structural tax reduction policy is not a universal tax reduction, and it is not a disguised tax increase policy of “reducing the increaseâ€. An empirical study by the author's research group shows that from 1995 to 2009, although the main source of China's “tax sustained super economic growth†is still economic growth factors (average contribution is about 60%), the tax increase policy is indeed true for tax revenue growth. It also contributed (average contribution of about 23%). The tax increase is undoubtedly the basic tax policy line of China in the past 20 years, and the next few years is the best time to turn to the road of tax reduction. From the basic meaning and strategic point of view, the structural tax reduction policy opposes the overall increase in taxes, and is more opposed to the indiscriminate universal increase in taxes. The author believes that in order to truly play the role of structural tax reduction policy, we must start from the following aspects: First, tax reduction for people's livelihood consumption, tax increase for luxury consumption. "Adjusting income and benefiting people's livelihood" is not only the goal of the government's economic policy, but also the direction of future tax policy regulation. The characteristics of China's tax structure are that the proportion of indirect taxes such as turnover tax is too high, and daily consumer goods and wage income bear a heavier tax burden. In the future, we should implement tax cuts for daily consumer goods such as cosmetics, food and non-staple foods, and other basic livelihoods, and import luxury cars, villas, jewellery, high-end tobacco and alcohol, and individual housing. Increase taxes. In terms of personal income tax, a certain proportion of pre-tax deductions are considered for renting expenses for unemployed people, interest expenses for loans to purchase first homes, education and training expenses for underage children, and medical expenses for major illnesses. Second, tax increases for monopoly large enterprises and tax cuts for small and medium-sized enterprises. The winter of the world economy is the winter of all enterprises, but more is the winter of small and medium enterprises. As Wei Jianguo, former deputy minister of the Ministry of Commerce, said, “When SMEs are too late to transform, they need the government to support them and give them a warm quilt or conservatory under harsh winter conditions.†In the case that the deepening of the system reform has not been completed, it is also a temporary policy to increase taxes on monopoly large enterprises. For small and medium-sized enterprises, the corporate income tax rate can be lowered. For small-profit enterprises and small-scale and low-profit enterprises, the enterprise income tax can be temporarily exempted. Third, tax reduction for low-carbon economy and tax increase for high-input and high-pollution enterprises. Regardless of the controversy over the global greenhouse effect, low investment, nature, environmental protection, and recycling are definitely the goals we will always pursue. The environmental pollution tax and carbon tax will be levied as soon as possible, and the resource tax standards will be raised. Subsidies for environmental protection equipment transformation, recycling economy utilization, and green energy conservation project development can be implemented. Fourth, tax cuts for high-tech products and tax increases for extensive development. Structural adjustment and economic transformation are by no means a one-off event. In the early stage, tax incentives can be implemented for enterprises that are striving to transform, and one can be supported. High-tech enterprises that invest heavily in R&D and are committed to independent innovation, especially those with high technology content, may wish to implement more substantial tax incentives. For the high-consumption, high-input, high-pollution, and low value-added extensive production enterprises, the classification gradually increases taxes. Of course, while vigorously promoting structural tax cuts, we must pay attention to improving the efficiency of fiscal expenditures. At present, China still lacks an effective definition of government boundaries, lacks soft constraints on fiscal budgets, and lacks effective supervision of fiscal expenditures. We must increase the efficiency of fiscal expenditures, not reducing taxes and reducing public welfare expenditures.
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