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One day in the future, when you stand in front of a window and admire the scenery outside the window, a mosquito may flap its wings and buzz around you. Be careful, because it may be only a "spy mosquito". . At present, the U.S. military is using bionics principles to develop such micro-aircrafts for spying on enemy conditions, reconnaissance terrain, and taking photographs.
Difficult to be noticed
Forget about the slow and noisy drones that are currently tracking terrorists. Imagine a large group of drones randomly entering and leaving the airspace of enemy air defenses deployed at various levels of the air defense system without the enemy’s awareness - This is the future scenario envisioned by the United States Air Force.
In order to achieve this goal, the U.S. Air Force requires drone manufacturers to develop more micro-aircraft - nano-drones that can fly long distances to reconnoiter the enemy.
A U.S. Air Force official said that these insect-sized surveillance drones could play a significant role in the Pacific region.
As early as 2007, a group of grotesque flying objects circling over an anti-war demonstration led to criticism of the U.S. government for secretly developing insect drones. Official denials and entomologists’ claims that they are actually paralyzed have failed to quell speculation.
In the following year, the U.S. Air Force unveiled the mystery of insect-size spy planes, claiming that they were "as tiny as Bumblebees" and that they were difficult to find and could fly into buildings "to take pictures, record and even attack the resistance and terrorist".
Studies have shown that a micro-aircraft can be designed based on structural mechanics of insects and can hover over the battlefield to perform reconnaissance missions. Scientists have been inspired by animals that have evolved over thousands of years and have perfect flight conditions.
For a long time, the US Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has been studying the design of nano-bionic micro-drones. Researchers have now developed bionic drones that have insect eyes, bat ears, bird wings, and even the bee's fluff to perceive biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons.
Load capacity increase
At present, there are mainly three types of nano-drone platforms developed by the United States: fixed-wing, rotor, and flapping.
As early as 1996, the U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency signed a development contract with Aviation Environment Corporation to conduct a feasibility study for the manufacture of a micro-drone. The company then produced a "black widow" fixed-wing micro-drone. This drone has a flying wing layout. Its overall shape is a rectangle with a wingspan of 15.2 centimeters and weighs less than 85 grams. The front of the aircraft is equipped with a propeller, driving the motor by a battery. The machine adopts wireless remote control mode and can continuously fly for 30 minutes. The flight radius is 1.8 kilometers. The camera is equipped with a camera and transmission equipment.
In the following years, the aviation environment company also developed the lithium battery and fuel cell version of this drone, and the carrying capacity and flight distance have greatly improved.
In terms of rotorcraft, Lutronix of the United States developed a miniature rotorcraft drone. The aircraft life time is 30 minutes. Different types of single rotors and counterrotating twin rotors can be used. The basic model has a diameter of 10 cm, a weight of 316 grams, and a payload of about 100 grams. In 2012, the University of Pennsylvania GRASP Laboratory also demonstrated a synchronized flight array composed of 20 nano-rotor 4 UAVs flying in groups like bees.
At present, most aircraft rely on horizontal rotors or propellers to provide power, which limits their ability to move in confined spaces. And flapping wing drones can solve this problem by mimicking the flight of birds or insects. In 2011, American Aerospace Environment Corporation launched a flapping-wing drone called the "Nano-hummingbird", which is a model of a bionic robot. The drone's shape resembles that of a hummingbird. It is only 16 centimeters long and weighs less than a 5th battery. The nano-hummingbird drone's wings are thin like paper and can beat 20-40 times per second. By adjusting the angle and shape of the wings to adjust the flight attitude, it can hover in the air for more than 11 minutes. This compact "hummingbird" has a miniature camera and remote control device, which can fly in and out of windows or other small openings and can be used for indoor and outdoor reconnaissance. It is very stable in the air and has good maneuverability even in strong winds.
In addition, the United States has also developed a "nano-antimony." With a wingspan of only 5 centimeters, the drone has a maximum flying speed of 15 meters per second and can fly for 15 minutes. There are electronic components, batteries, cameras, controllers, etc. installed on the machine.
Difficulties
It will take time to become a true spy machine
U.S. traditional ally Britain once deployed a nano-unmanned helicopter named “Black Hornet†on the battlefield in Afghanistan. The captain is about 10 centimeters long, about 2.5 centimeters high, weighs only 16 grams, has a range of about 800 meters, and has a maximum speed of 35 kilometers per hour and can fly for 30 minutes. The nano-drone has a miniature camera mounted on it to transmit the captured picture to the handheld control terminal in real time. It can be controlled remotely by military personnel, or it can fly to its destination after entering coordinates.
However, despite the fact that nano-drones can “slow into the night and snareâ€, in order to truly break through the air defense network, such drones are still facing difficulties.
Difficulty 1 Flight Time
Due to its small size, the nano-unmanned aerial vehicle has a limited volume and capacity of the battery it carries, resulting in a shorter flight time and shorter range and a smaller payload. The range of nano-drones that have been available ranges from a few hundred meters to several kilometers, and they can only perform tactical battlefield reconnaissance missions. The future use of next-generation battery technologies such as fuel cells or the use of a body antenna to receive microwave energy transmitted from the ground can expand the range of drones, but to become a true spy drone requires technological breakthroughs.
Difficulties 2 Keeping Routes
Nano-UAVs are small and low-velocity, have very small wing loads, and are more like small birds and large insects. They have almost no inertia, and they are vulnerable to unstable airflow, such as gusts and storms in city buildings. How to maintain its route in this situation and perform the maneuver command of the operator is a major challenge in flight control.
Difficulty 3 long-distance communication
In addition, the nano-drone must perform reconnaissance or espionage missions and must carry various reconnaissance sensors such as television cameras, infrared, audio and biochemical detectors. All these must be ultra-light weight miniature sensors, so the miniaturization of components is the key to the development of sensor technology. Once flying into the air, the nano-drone needs to maintain its communication with the operator. The size of the drone limits the radio frequency and communication distance. How to achieve long-distance communication has become the future of the nano-drone. One of the main challenges on the road to development.
However, bionic nano-drone technology is advancing by leaps and bounds. Perhaps a few years later, the flies that were crawling around you or flying into the room turned out to be eavesdropping and eavesdropping spies; maybe when you hear wires that fall on the windows As the bird sings, it may be a robot that is aiming your lens at you!
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