(1) It is easy to produce an explosion. Most of the raw materials and products in the production of chemical enterprises are characterized by inflammable, explosive, high temperature and high pressure. Chemical dangerous goods are likely to leak or remain in the equipment pipeline during maintenance. In the test phase, air may remain in the equipment or become explosive. Mixed gas, in the event of a fire, the fire is often rapid and the loss is serious. For example, on February 13, 1998, a cosmetics factory in Guangzhou repaired a butane air compressor using a steel tool to cause a fire, killing 11 people. On April 12, 1999, the inhalation air exploded during the test of the high-voltage machine of a chemical plant, causing two deaths, two injuries and major losses.
(2) Changes in the normal production chain. Chemical enterprises have strong production continuity and harsh operating conditions. If a certain link or equipment fails, it will destroy the normal production chain and cause accidents. The production equipment of chemical enterprises is mostly in high temperature, high pressure, or deep cold, negative pressure, as well as corrosion and wear. Equipment overhaul interrupts continuous production that was originally in a normal state, and changes in equipment status (such as valves, switches, etc.) and process parameters. After the overhaul, there is a process in which the equipment status and process parameters return to normal values. In this process, operational errors and equipment failures are likely to occur, resulting in a combustion explosion accident.
(3) It is easy to generate static electricity and sparks. The chemical equipment pipelines are mostly made of metal materials, and the maintenance process cannot be separated from hot fires and knocks. Sometimes it is necessary to enter the tower, the tank or the top and bottom of the three-dimensional staggered operation, it is easy to generate static electricity and sparks and other sources of ignition, greatly increasing the fire risk of maintenance.
(4) Overhaul operations are frequent. For example, an ammonia plant will have a shutdown and maintenance every month, and an annual overhaul. During the operation of the equipment, it is often caused by sudden failures or accidents, and maintenance and repairs must be carried out without stopping or temporarily stopping work. This regular maintenance work makes it easy for management and maintenance personnel to become accustomed to it, causing paralysis and increasing the probability of accidents.
(5) The fire safety system overhauled by most manual enterprises is not perfect. For example, some enterprises do not have specific fire protection regulations for the contents and scope of maintenance work, and the construction requirements are not clear. Some enterprises have no regulations on blinding, replacement and cleaning even during maintenance. For example, after a certain plant chemical ammonia plant compression workshop was parked before driving, it was not replaced with nitrogen for many years. When driving, it was directly replaced with water and gas, which caused an important cause of two deaths and two injuries.
(6) A considerable amount of equipment is poor, technology is backward, and there are many fire hazards. Problems such as changes in process parameters during maintenance and commissioning cannot be discovered or ignored in time. For example, the gas pressure reduction signal alarm device and the automatic parking interlock device are not provided at the compressor inlet of a chemical plant.
Countermeasures:
The following precautions should be taken based on the fire hazard present in the inspection and commissioning of chemical companies.
(1) There is a fire hazard in the maintenance stage of chemical companies, which should be highly valued. Such as: strengthen the study of the characteristics and laws of chemical enterprises, strengthen the publicity and education of relevant knowledge and technology, set up full-time fire inspection personnel, timely stop illegal command and illegal operations, do a good job of off-duty and completion personnel, tool inventory and safety inspection Wait.
(2) It is necessary to establish and improve the fire safety system for inspection and maintenance, (such as: various fire, maintenance, on-site monitoring and other management systems) strict examination and approval procedures.
(3) Strengthen the safety management of the inspection site. 1 At the inspection site, safety landmarks or fences should be adjusted and guarded by special personnel. Non-maintenance personnel are prohibited from entering. 2 Fire-fighting areas and production areas should be equipped with fire-proof separation measures, equipped with necessary fire-fighting equipment and protective measures; Maintenance personnel should wear anti-static overalls and shoes without nails, use non-ignition tools; 4 should always clean the site during maintenance, correctly stack materials and tools to ensure smooth fire passage.
(4) Carefully implement equipment shutdown, replacement, cleaning and isolation measures. Equipment outage, replacement, cleaning and isolation measures are the key operational links for fire prevention and explosion protection during maintenance. When replacing, inert gas such as steam or nitrogen should be used. It can also be used for water injection and exhaust method. After replacement and cleaning, it should be sampled and analyzed. Work.
(5) The system should be carefully checked and verified during parking and commissioning. Chemical companies should check whether there are defects in each valve line during parking and commissioning; whether the blind plates for pumping and blocking are correct; whether the instruments and signal devices are normal; whether the position of each valve is correct. It is best to check the position of the pumping and blocking blinds and the switch to open and close the valve before the inspection. Check the control one by one during the parking and test, and mark it on the watch to prevent mistakes.
(6) Actively adopt advanced fire prevention measures. All chemical enterprises should actively adopt various process parameter detection, control systems, flammable gas detection and alarm systems according to their own actual conditions, and use the self-control equipment to detect the abnormal changes of process parameters and fire hazards early, and take correct measures. For example, an air pressure reduction signal alarm device and an automatic parking interlock device for pressure reduction limit are provided at the inlet of the compressor; an alarm signal for super-temperature and water jacket water pressure reduction and an automatic parking interlock device are provided at the compressor cylinder; Set the compressor stop signal; set the gas concentration alarm device in the workshop.
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