First step, cut-off update
For large trees that need to be changed for good varieties, the tree shape should be designed according to the specific situation. The big branches are arranged in the shape of a tree, which is usedlessly removed from the base. The remaining piles need to be cut to stimulate the latent buds to germinate, and the permanent extension buds and temporary spare buds are selected according to the plasticity needs.
Best cut dry before the beginning of germination 4, less bleeding tree during this period, to stimulate large force, the latent buds germination and facilitate wound healing. The number of piles to be cut and dried should not be complicated. Medium tree, the first layer should be above the main branch, the central interception dry 60 cm, the first layer of the primary tree retentate 50 cm. Tall tree, the second layer should be above the main branch, the central interception dry 30 cm, layer 2 trapped main branch 20 cm, the first layer entrapped main branch 50 cm. All kerfs should be flattened and covered with a film to prevent the section from cracking and promote healing.
After cutting the stem, the anvil bud should be selected in time. I.e., the center of each of the upper left side of the shaft a bud, the second layer leaving the main branches of a pile extension bud tip back, a left side spare bud; main branches of the first layer leaving a pile extension shoot apex back, side Leave one side of the shoot buds and leave a spare bud on the other side. Especially in the absence of branches, it is necessary to leave empty buds. The remaining buds are not erased in time to reduce nutrient consumption. The selected extended buds and the alternate buds are topped up to 20 cm for grafting.
The second step, grafting
Choose the fine varieties of walnuts suitable for the region , and carry out grafting in the year of the cut-off and renewed in July or June of the next year . Grafting method: skilled in operation technology use block bud connection, unskilled person can use I-shaped bud. Preferably the blade with two cutting plywood carpentry, sandwiching a rectangular block (3 cm wide, 2 cm thick), made budding double-edged knife, not only fast, but also ensures that "open interfaces, cut bud" identical equidistant vertical . Regardless of the connection method, the remaining anvils are connected once, and the interface must be arranged in the direction in which the grafting needs to extend. After being connected, a transparent film strip wider than the interface is used, and the whole sealing and tightness is tight, which can promote survival.
After the connection, it is necessary to strengthen management. To graft the buds in July of that year , it is necessary to prevent the germination of the buds. After grafting, only the anvils are picked, the other branches and leaves are not moved, the anvil is not cut, the bandage film is not removed, and the anvil is removed during the germination of the spring. Wrap the film. For the grafting of the second year of June , we must promote the post-control, and strive to make the graft have a certain amount of growth, and can safely overwinter. Therefore, after grafting, leave 3 pieces of compound leaves to cut off the anvil. After 10 days, check the survival condition, cut off the compound leaves, and erase other buds at any time to concentrate the nutrients to promote bud germination. When drilling bud film 10 cm long, cut stems anvil, the film dressing is released, promoting the rapid growth of the graft; topping grow to late August, tall control, substantial reinforcement lower development. In addition, although the walnut has strong healing power and firm interface, the amount of freshly grafted leaves is heavier than other fruit trees. The top of the mountain mouth still needs to be tied with sticks to prevent wind folding.
The third step, positioning and shaping
In the third year of the trough update , the new grafting is generally about 80 cm long and the cultivation technique of the Weibei dryland walnut is about to start. Positioning should be timely and appropriate to promote rapid restoration of the canopy. The specific method is as follows: after the leaves are displayed in the spring, the healthy erect extension branches are left in the center to make 80 cm short sections, and the second or third layer main branches are promoted, and the other branches are pulled into horizontal levels as the auxiliary support branches. The second layer of the trunk extends the branch to a 60 cm short section, which promotes the second side branch. The lateral branch extension branches are not cut and released. When the extension branch is damaged, the nearby spare branch is pulled to the extended orientation instead of the extension branch. The rest of the temporary spare branches are slowly released for early results. In summer, the growth of shoots is relatively flexible, and measures such as other, pull, and fall can be used to adjust the azimuth angle of the main branch.
In the summer of the next year, continue to adjust the azimuth angle of the main side branch, the second branch or the third layer of the main branch is selected on the center branch, and the remaining branches are thinned from the base. The prolonged branches of the main branches of each layer are gently released, and the lateral branches are short-cut at the full buds to promote branching. Temporary spare branches, which are removed from the base for ventilation and light transmission and have an effect on the backbone branches, and have no effect on retention. At this point, the basic structure of the new tree skeleton crown is completed. In the next two or three years, in addition to continuing to adjust the angle, eliminate the useless branches, and control the back branches, all the branches will be slowly released, allowing them to grow naturally. The temporary spare branch has completed its mission and should be dealt with as appropriate. It should not be allowed to become a branch, affecting the normal growth of the preceding branches.
Practice has proved that using the three-step method not only makes the old branches of the trees renew, the varieties are improved, but also the irregular tree shape is rationally modified. Grafted fragrance, No. 3 in the forest and other species, for example, achieved the first 3-year-fruit, the first five or six years into the flourishing time, the annual output value of more than twice the original. (Gansu Science and Technology News Ma Haisheng)
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